灌区退水模拟与调控方法研究进展

Advances in simulation and regulation methods of irrigation return flow

灌区退水是灌区水文循环的重要组成部分,不合理的退水不但会降低水资源的利用效率,而且会增加环境污染的风险,对水资源的可持续利用构成威胁。而灌区退水的模拟与调控是实现灌区退水资源"量、质、效"综合控制的手段。在系统总结灌区退水可能组成与影响因素的基础上,剖析了灌区退水对生态环境的不利影响,归纳了退水量化的计算方法,并重点论述了多种水文模型在灌区退水模拟中应用的可行性以及退水调控的研究现状,以期为深化灌区退水机理的科学认识及采取有效调控手段提供参考。最后针对目前研究中存在的问题和薄弱环节,提出未来的重点研究方向,主要包括:(1)变化环境下退水规律的进一步揭示;(2)适用于灌区退水模拟的水文模型开发是未来急需解决的技术难题;(3)水量-水质联合调控是未来灌区退水的重点研究方向。

Irrigation return flow is an important part of the hydrological cycle of the irrigation district. Unreasonable return flow not only can reduce the utilization efficiency of water resources, but also increase the risk of environmental pollution, thereby threaten the sustainable use of water resources. Simulation and regulation are key means to realize the integrated management of quantity, quality and efficiency of irrigation return flow. On the basis of summarizing the possible composition and influencing factors of irrigation return flow, this paper analyzes the adverse effects of return water on the ecological environment, sums up the calculation methods, especially emphasizes the feasibility of multiple hydrological models application in simulating return flow and the research status of return flow regulation, which are expected to provide a reference for deepening the scientific understanding of the mechanism of irrigation return flow and adopting effective control measures. In view of the existing problems and shortages, the future research directions are proposed, which mainly include:(1) the law of return flow under changing environment would be revealed further;(2) hydrological models suitable for simulating irrigation return flow hereafter need to be developed;and(3) the joint regulation of water quantity and quality is the key research direction of irrigation return flow in the future.