提前退休意愿的心理归因探究——基于对高校教师的访谈研究

Exploring the Psychological Attribution of Intentions to Early Retirement-Based on Interview Study on College Teachers

提前退休是指,中年员工受主观意愿的驱使、低于法定退休年龄、从长期的工作岗位或职业路径离开并领取全部养老金的行为。基于计划行为理论观点,探究提前退休意愿产生的深层次心理归因过程及其产生机制,对于充分开发人力资源、缓解劳动力供给困境具有重要的意义。通过对20名45岁–65岁高校教师进行了深入访谈研究,基于扎根理论方法进行编码和主题分析,构建了"需要满足比较-情绪态度变化-提前退休意愿产生"的心理归因模型,即高校教师通过把自我需要、工作需要和家庭需要分别与现实状况进行比较,进而影响情绪和态度变化,最终产生提前退休意愿。本文基于自我决定理论、情感事件理论及计划行为理论等对研究结果进行了深入分析和讨论,并与西方学者的研究结论进行了跨文化分析探讨,对于丰富相关理论研究和指导老年员工人力资源管理实践具有重要贡献。

In recent years, college teachers have gradually become one of the high-risk groups who retire early.Understanding the deep psychological attribution process of their intentions to early retirement and its mechanism will be of great signi?cance for fully developing human resources and strengthening the construction of college teachers. Through in-depth interview research on 20 college teachers, based on grounded theory method for coding and topic analysis, a psychological attribution model of 'need to satisfy comparison-emotional attitude changeintentions to early retirement' was constructed. That is, college teachers compare self-needs, work needs and family needs with the actual situation, and then in?uence the changes in emotions and attitudes, eventually produce early retirement intentions. Based on Self-determination Theory, Affect Event Theory and Planning Behavior Theory, We deeply analyze and discuss the research results, and conducts cross-cultural analysis with the research conclusions of Western scholars. It will enrich relevant theoretical research and guide the human resources management of elderly employees.