内陆河流域生态补偿标准问题研究——以石羊河流域为例

Discussion on Scientific Issues of Eco-compensation Standard in Shiyang River Basin

通过深入剖析生态补偿与社会区位条件以及自然区位条件的关系,从公平的角度出发,分析了石羊河各流域区位条件对补偿标准制定的影响,在此基础上,利用2009年石羊河流域各地区基础数据,建立生态补偿标准计量模型,计算各流域不同植被类型补偿标准。研究结论如下:①合理补偿标准不仅需要考虑各生态系统的差异性,还必须保障补偿者的承担能力和满足受偿者的基本要求,同时合理制定补偿标准也是区域人与自然和谐发展的基本条件;②生态系统提供的生态服务和经济行为存在空间异质性,因此应建立差别化、动态化补偿标准;③利用区位差异条件可以科学地制定区域间生态补偿的分配标准,有效避免以往生态补偿政策制定中的"一刀切"现象。

As one of the important solutions of current environmental problems, the ecological compensation is increasing the interests of international researchers. However, the formulating of the regional ecological compensation standard has been considered as a critical section of the ecological compensation research and implementation. From the point of fairness, by analyzing the relationship between eco- compensation, society and physiographical location, this paper demonstrated how the location condition of Shiyang River Basin influenced the ecological compensation standards. Based on this, we set up the ecological compensation standard calculation model by using the fundamental data of the Shiyang River Basin in 2009, then analyzed and calculated the compensation standards of different plant types in each basin. This paper presents the following research results: 1) A reasonable ecological compensation standard should satisfy the above conditions of ecosystem, besides, it needs to guarantee the affordability of expiators and basic requirements of aggrieved party. In the mean time, this standard is also regarded as elementary condition of human beings and nature's harmoneous development. 2) The ecological service value and economic behaviour that are offered by ecosystem present special heterogeneity. Therefore, we should establish differential and dynamic ecological compensation standards. 3) A more scientific approach is applied to create ecological compensation standards of distribution by using regional differences conditions, substantially realize the avoidance of 'one size fits all' phenomenon in the policy making of ecological compensation effectively.