北京市水资源管理“三条红线”指标体系与评价方法

Indicator System and Evaluation Method of “Three Red Lines” of Water Resources Management in Beijing

为将最严格的水资源管理制度落到实处,实现制度的可量化和可操作化,论文构建了水资源管理"三条红线"指标体系,分阶段与国家"五年规划"同步实施,并提出"三条红线"评价方法。然后以北京市为例,预测其2015年"三条红线"控制指标的目标值;在此基础上对北京市各区县2011年的水资源管理"三条红线"进行评价,并对达标情况进行分级。最后,分别给出各区县水务管理改进重点和方案。房山区和大兴区为5级区,总量控制、效率控制和污染控制均需加强;城六区为4级区,总量控制和效率控制是管理重点;通州区和昌平区为3级区,需要加强污染控制;门头沟区、顺义区和延庆县为2级区,水资源管理重点各不相同;怀柔区、平谷区和密云县为1级区。

In order to perfect the most strictest water management system of China in the quantitative and operable manners, the'Three Red Lines'(TRL) indicator system, one kind of water resources management systems, was built in this paper by means of questionnaire survey, expert evaluation method and the analytic hierarchy process, and was designed to be implemented simultaneously with the national Five-Year Plan of the different periods as well. Then this paper proposed the TRL evaluation method, and took Beijing as an example to predict its goal values of the TRL target indicators of the year 2015 by the trend analysis method and the water quota method. Finally, we evaluated and classified the statuses of the TRL management of different districts of Beijing in 2011, and put forward corresponding proposals for improving water resources management specifically. For areas of level-5, such as Fangshan District and Daxing District, all four indicators were not up to the standard, whose total quality control, efficiency control and assimilative capacity all need to be strengthened. In particular, Fangshan District should pay more attention to its water quality amelioration, while Daxing District is bound to focus on the water use efficiency improvement. For areas of level- 4, the six urban districts should further control the water use efficiency. For areas of level-3, both Tongzhou District and Changping District need to strengthen the water pollution control. For areas of level-2, Mentougou District is supposed to emphasize water use control, Shunyi District and Yanqing District stress water pollution control. For areas of level-1, Huairou District, Pinggu District and Miyun District, all four indicators were satisfied which meant the ideal comprehensive management have been practiced there.