农田保护经济补偿政策的实施成效及影响因素分析——闵行区、张家港市和成都市的实证

Analysis on the Implementation Effects and Influencing Factors of Farmland Conservation Compensation Policy:Cases in Minhang District, Zhangjiagang and Chengdu City

以上海市闵行区、江苏省张家港市以及四川省成都市的6个乡镇42个村545个农户为研究对象,分析典型地区试行农田保护经济补偿政策的实施成效及影响因素。研究表明:1农田保护补偿政策的经济激励措施一定程度上调动农民种田积极性,对促进粮食增产和提高农民收入等有一定成效,但保护责任附带的规划管制措施却相对减弱农民在维护农田设施、农田生产等公共物品投入方面的积极性;2政策实施成效具有显著的空间差异性,已制定实施计划、但农户尚未领取到补偿款项的江苏省张家港市金港镇和乐余镇的农民参与农田保护补偿政策的积极性最弱,而在全国最早实施耕地保护基金政策的四川省成都市永安镇、金桥镇和江源镇农民对政策成效的评价则相对较好;3区域因素中村庄位置以及农户个体因素中村干部经历、政策关注度等对政策成效有显著影响。建议通过多样化补偿模式,优先满足中低收入农户的经济补偿需求,激励农民农田利用与保护的积极性,提升农田生态环境质量。

We studied 545 peasant households in 42 villages at six towns which are respectively located in Minhang District in Shanghai city, Zhangjiagang city in Jiangsu Province and Chengdu city in Sichuan Province, and analyzed the implementation effects and influencing factors of the ecological compensation policy in the typical region. The results are as follows:Firstly, the economic incentives of farmland conservation compensation, to some extent, has aroused peasants' enthusiasm to cultivating farmland. The compensation policy has made some achievements in increasing grain production and raising peasants' income. On the other hand, land use planning control of the policy has relatively decreased the peasants' positivity in the inputs of public goods, such as maintaining farmland infrastructure and increasing inputs for farmland production, etc. Secondly, the implementation effect of policy had significantly regional difference. Namely, peasants who hadn't received the compensation fund in Jingang and Leyu towns of Zhangjiagang city that had drawn up a plan for implementation took the least participation in the economic compensation policy. On the contrary, peasants in Yongan, Jinqiao and Jiangyuan towns of Chengdu city where farmland ecological compensation policy was first implied in our country had a relatively positive evaluation on the policy. Thirdly, the results of the hierarchical model showed that regional and farmers' individual factors had apparently impact on the policy's implementation effects. For regional factors, the location of villages had significant influence on the policy's implementation effects. Implementation effects of the policy is better in common villages mainly depending on agricultural income than suburban counties and urban villages with higher share of non-farming income. For peasants' individual factors, with more perceptions on the policy and higher standard about the policy, the peasants who are village cadres and have higher attention on the policy seldomly considered the policy's implementation to be positive. Economy in financial compensation area for farmland protection is relatively developed, more opportunities of non-agricultural income for farmers, and during the land transfer process compensation funds directly benefit farmland contracting households,these all made farmers with larger share in agri- income and relying mainly on agricultural works would be more difficult to participate in the policy of farmland conservation economic compensation.