基于面向对象的海岸带土地利用信息提取研究

Coastal Zone Land Use Information Extraction Based on Objectoriented Classification Method

针对海岸带复杂多样的土地利用信息,选取山东省乳山市海岸带为研究区域,运用Landsat TM遥感影像数据,基于面向对象分类方法,利用不同地物的光谱、形状、纹理和空间关系等特征,通过多尺度分割、隶属度函数法和标准最邻近分类法提取研究区土地利用信息,并对分类结果进行精度评估。结果表明:1隶属度函数法和标准最邻近分类法结合,提取出乳山市海岸带12种土地利用类型信息,很好地区分了盐田和养殖水面、林地和园地,可提取出主要的道路和河流等细长线状地物;2将提取结果与最大似然法对比,面向对象分类方法提取精度达到82.50%,Kappa系数为0.8091,分别比最大似然法提高了11.44%和0.1055,很好地避免"同物异谱"和"异物同谱"对分类精度造成的影响,有效地避免了"椒盐"现象。面向对象分类方法提取中分辨率遥感影像精度较高,为海岸带土地利用信息的快速、准确提取提供了有效的技术手段。

Since land use patterns in coastal zones are often characterized by complexity and diversity, it is difficult to acquire accurate land-use information from remote sensing image using traditional methods. Thus, this paper, taking the Rushan coastal zone, located in the east of Shandong Peninsula as a case, tries to fill this gap and develop a new method based on objectoriented classification to extract more accurate coastal zone land-use information. We collect Landsat TM image as the basic information sources for further data processing and analysis.Based on the method of object-oriented classification, this paper makes use of the characteristics of different objects, such as spectrum, shape, texture and spatial relationships, and extracts land-use information in the study area through multiresolution segmentation, Membership Function and Standard Nearest Neighbor, and then evaluates classification accuracy. The results include: 1) Twelve kinds of land- use information are classified in the Rushan coastal zone by both Membership Function and Standard Nearest Neighbor methods. The salt and aquaculture water, the woodland and orchard are well identified, and the elongated linear features were clearly extracted. 2) Through comparing the extraction results using maximum likelihood method, the object- oriented classification accuracy was 82.50%, Kappa was 0.8091, 11.44% and0.1055 higher than that using the maximum likelihood method. The results showed that the object-oriented classification method is an effective technical method for extraction of land-use information quickly and accurately in coastal zones, because it can improve the classification precision of high resolution remote sensing image through attenuating effectively the effects on the classification accuracy due to'same object with different spectrums'and'different objects with same spectrums', and'salt-pepper'.