高寒藏区农牧村家庭能源消费特征及影响因素——以甘南高原为例

The Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Rural Household Energy Consumption in Alpine Tibetan Area——A Case Study of Gannan Plateau

能源是消除贫困和实现经济社会与人类发展的重要因素。文章在对甘南高原23个乡镇357个家庭用能资料分析的基础上,研究了高寒藏区农牧村家庭能源消费的特征及主要影响因素。结果表明:1农牧村人均能源消费量为996.05 kgce,以畜粪等生物质能为主,能耗水平高,消费品质差,综合热效率只有18.77%,大部分农牧民还停留在满足基本生存需求的状态;2从牧区到农区,能源消费结构由单一转向多元化,热效率从16.87%提高到23.93%,人均能耗水平逐渐降低,空间阶梯特征明显;3农牧村家庭能源消费模式是多种因素影响的结果,其中牧区主要受生活方式、家庭规模和宗教支出的影响,农牧交错区主要受家庭规模、家庭年收入、家用电器种类和年均取暖时间的影响,农区主要受人均耕地面积、家庭年收入和家庭规模的影响;4结合农牧村实际情况,建议实施牧民定居工程、增加现代能源供给、鼓励使用新能源设备、推广生物质能高效清洁利用技术、强化农牧民的节能环保意识,在保证农牧民基本能源需求的基础上,尽可能减轻能源消费带来的环境压力。

Energy is the important factor to overcome poverty and achieve economic, social and human development. Based on the analysis of energy use of 357 farmers and herdsmen families in six counties on the Gannan Plateau, this article has studied the characteristic of rural household energy consumption in alpine Tibetan area, and analyzed the influencing factors by multiple stepwise regression method. The results show that: 1) The rural energy consumption mainly rely on local resources in the form of biomass energy such as animal's dung, and the per capita energy consumption is 996.05 kgce. The quantity of energy consumption is high,while the efficiency is low. The integrated thermal efficiency is only 18.77%, and the majority of farmers and herdsmen still stay in the state of basic survival requirement. 2) From pastoral,agro-pastoral, to agricultural areas, the energy consumption structure changes from uniform to multiform energies. The integrated thermal efficiency increases from 16.87% to 23.93%, and the per capita energy consumption decreases. The characteristic of spatial gradient is obvious.3) The energy consumption pattern is the result of many factors, in which family size, family income, lifestyles, religion expenses, household appliances types, annual heating time and per capita arable land area are more significant factors. 4) Combined with the actual situation of agro- pastoral village, we proposed to implement herdsmen settlement project, increase the supply of modern energies, encourage the use of new energy facilities, promote the technology of efficiently and cleanly using biomass energy, and strengthen the awareness of energy-saving and environmental protection among farmers and herdsmen. On the premise of ensuring the basic energy needs of farmers and herdsmen, we should reduce the pressure of energy consumption as far as possible.