中国耕地利用产出的结构特征

Structural Feature of Cultivated Land Use Output in China

耕地利用产出结构特征,即不同农作物产值分配格局的详实信息,对国家制定粮食安全和耕地利用专业化及可持续管理的政策非常重要。在将耕地利用中的农作物分为谷物、薯类、豆类、油料、纤维、糖料和蔬菜7种类型的基础上,分析中国耕地利用产出结构的时空变化特征,并构建"产量弹性系数"和"价格弹性系数"来反映农作物产值变化受产量和价格影响的程度。结果表明:1谷物和蔬菜已成为当今中国耕地利用产出的主体,2007年开始蔬菜产值超过谷物,标志着中国耕地利用产出主导格局已从谷物转向蔬菜;2耕地产出为蔬菜主导型的省份分布范围由2004年的东部扩大到了2012年的内陆区域,其中包括了近2/3的粮食主产区;3大多数粮食主产区谷物产值增长的主要动因是总产量增加,而中东部蔬菜产值增长主要为价格上升;4在耕地利用专业化进程中,东北应扩大谷物种植优势,新疆需突出棉花种植特色,而黄淮海地区应着重考虑不同县域种植业的比较优势。

Structural feature of cultivated land use output, namely the accurate information on cultivated land output value by crops, is important for making appropriate policies to ensure national food security and promote cultivated land use specialization and its sustainable management in China. The crops planted in the cultivated land are divided into cereal crops,tuber crops, legume crops, oil crops, fiber crops, sugar crops and vegetable crops in this paper.Then the output values of the seven types gathered from China Rural Statistical Yearbook are adopted to analyze the temporal and spatial variations of China's cultivated land use output value. Furthermore, the output elasticity coefficient and price elasticity coefficient are developed to reflect the impacts of crops output and its price on crops output value. The results show that: 1) Cereal crops and vegetable crops have become the main part of cultivated land use outputs in China currently. The output value of vegetable crops was higher than that of cereal crops in 2007, and had become the biggest output crops since then. Thus, it is concluded that the leading crops of cultivated land output is shifting from cereal crops to vegetable crops.2) The area where cultivated land output is dominated by vegetables expanded from eastern coastal provinces in 2004 to inland regions in 2012, including two thirds of Main Grain Producing Areas in China. 3) The increase of cereal crops output value in most Main Grain Producing Areas in China is largely due to the increasing total output, while the increase of vegetable crops output value in central and eastern provinces mainly attribute to the rise of price. 4) In the process of cultivated land use specialization, the advantage of cereal crops in Northeast China should be further exerted, and the characteristics of cotton planting in Xinjiang need to be given more prominence. Besides, the comparative advantage of farm production by county must be taken into account greatly in Huang-Huai-Hai region.