乡镇企业发达区耕地健康评价与驱动机理研究

Health Assessment and Driving Mechanism Analysis of Cultivated Land in the Township Enterprises Developed Region

乡镇企业的快速发展对区域耕地利用与保护产生直接影响,也引致耕地健康状况发生显著变化。该文选取乡镇企业发达区域耕地为研究对象,构建由能值利用系数和耕地压力系数组成的耕地能值指数评价模型,结合由耕地质量、产能和土壤环境目标组成的耕地健康多层次模糊评价体系及模型,形成耕地健康综合指数(CLHI)评价模型,通过农户调查、采样分析获取基础数据,以GIS为工具,评价研究区域耕地健康状况。结果显示:乡镇企业发达区耕地健康状况堪忧,研究区耕地健康综合指数在0.412~0.677之间,分为健康、亚健康和不健康3个级别,其面积构成分别为35.23%、41.55%和23.22%;研究表明:乡镇企业污染排放对邻近耕地土壤环境产生直接危害,污染物还沿河流扩散,且乡镇企业的发展使农民多重视非农产业而影响区域的耕地产能状况。研究以期为同类区域开展耕地健康评价提供方法体系借鉴,为乡镇企业发达区耕地健康科学调控提供参考依据。

The rapid development of township enterprises in the region will bring a direct influence on cultivated land's use and protection, and cause a conspicuous change of the cultivated land health. This paper selected the cultivated land of township enterprises developed regions for the case study. A composite evaluation model was used to evaluate the cultivated land health index(CLHI), which is developed from the cultivated land emergy index with multi-level fuzzy evaluation model. A fuzzy assessing system including quality, productivity and soil environment was used to evaluate the health of cultivated land, and the fuzzy decision result were revised by the agricultural land emergy index which was comprised of the emergy utilization coefficient and the cultivated land pressure index based on the emergy analysis theory. The basic data were acquired by household survey, sampling and testing analysis, and the health status of cultivated land in this study region was assessed by using the platform of GIS. The evaluation results show that the health of cultivated land in the township enterprises developed area is worth of worrying about, the composite index of cultivated land health being in the range of0.412-0.677. The result of composite index was divided into three classes, namely in normal health, sub-health and poor health in the study area, and the area proportions of them are35.23%, 41.55% and 23.22%, respectively. This study indicates that the direct harm has been brought to the soil environment of farmland by the pollutant emitted from the adjacent township enterprises and the pollutant diffused along the river. With development of township enterprises, the farmers become to pay more emphasis on non-agricultural production, and the productivity of cultivated land were reduced. This study can provided reference for the assessment method selection in similar areas, and for the improvement of science adjustment and mechanism study of the health of cultivated land in the township enterprises developed region.