经济转型视角下长三角城市土地利用效率影响机制

The impact mechanism of urban land use efficiency in the Yangtze River Delta from the perspective of economic transition

经济转型背景下,研究全球化、市场化和分权化等因素对城市土地利用效率的影响机制具有重要的理论价值。基于2000-2015年长三角地区各地区面板数据,构建城市土地利用效率测度指标体系,运用超效率DEA模型测算研究区域城市土地利用效率,利用空间计量模型对城市土地利用效率的影响机制进行实证研究,结果表明:(1)从时间演变特征来看,长三角地区的城市土地利用效率呈现出两阶段波动上升的趋势。(2)从空间分异特征来看,长三角地区城市土地利用效率呈现较为明显的区域差异,城市土地利用效率的高值区沿'沪宁—沪杭—杭甬'交通线分布,且这一空间特征较为稳定。(3)从第一阶段到第二阶段,全球化因素对长三角地区城市土地利用效率的推动作用不断增强;经济市场化因素的总效应呈现减弱趋势;财政分权在第一阶段对本地区的城市土地利用效率有显著的积极作用,对临近地区的城市土地利用效率有显著的消极作用,但到了第二阶段,这两种作用均变为不显著;土地财政在第一阶段对土地利用效率提升具有重要作用,但第二阶段随着土地的资本化加强,反而不利于土地利用效率的提升。(4)控制变量中,产业结构高级化水平对提高城市土地利用效率具有显著的推动作用;人口密度因素对城市土地利用效率的直接影响也愈发显著。

From the perspective of economic transition,the paper analyzes the impact mechanisms of globalization,marketization,decentralization,and other factors on urban land use efficiency,and builds a measurement index system for urban land use efficiency based on the panel data in the Yangtze River Delta Region from 2000 to 2015.Based on this,the superefficiency DEA model is used to measure urban land use efficiency in each sub-region of the Yangtze River Delta.Then the spatial econometric model is used to demonstrate the impact of globalization,marketization,and decentralization on urban land use efficiency.The results show that:(1)From the perspective of the characteristics of temporal evolution,the urban land use efficiency in the study region presents a two-stage volatility and upward trend.The urban land use efficiency in 2000-2008 shows a relatively obvious upward trend,while in 2009-2015 it shows a tendency of decline followed by a slow rise.(2)There are regional differences of the urban land use efficiency in the delta.The areas with high-value urban land use efficiency are distributed along the'Shanghai-Nanjing-Hangzhou-Ningbo'traffic line,and this spatial feature is relatively stable.(3)From the first phase(2000-2008)to the second phase(2009-2015),the globalization factor has played an increasingly important role in promoting urban land use efficiency in this region;the overall effect of economic marketization factors has been weakened;fiscal decentralization has a significant positive effect on urban land use efficiency in the first phase,while it has a significant negative effect on the efficiency of urban land use in adjacent areas;in the second stage,both effects become insignificant;the process of land finance on urban land use efficiency is somewhat complicated.Specifically,land finance plays an important role in the improvement of land use efficiency in the first stage,but in the second stage,as the capitalization of land is strengthened,land finance is not conducive to the improvement of land use efficiency.(4)Among the control variables,the advanced level of industrial structure has played a significant role in promoting the efficiency of urban land use;the direct impact of population density on urban land use efficiency is also increasingly significant.