中国特色小镇的空间分布及其产业特征

Spatial distribution of characteristic towns and their industrial characteristics in China

以中国前两批特色小镇为例,综合利用最邻近指数、地理集中指数、不均衡指数、核密度、地理联系率等空间分析方法,分析特色小镇的空间分布规律,在此基础上提出特色小镇的产业特征及其开发建议。结果显示:中国特色小镇在分布上具有'总体集聚、依托经济、沿线、围城、靠景'的特征。从空间分布类型看,特色小镇主要分布在东部地区,人口分界线的东南部,大体上呈现出集聚分布的态势;从空间分布均衡性上看,特色小镇在空间分布上呈现非均衡特征,且集中度较高;从空间分布密度上看,中国特色小镇呈现出东多西少、南多北少、东南多西北少的空间分布格局,总体上形成五大集聚区,分别为环渤海集聚区、长三角集聚区、东南沿海集聚区、西南成渝集聚区、中原集聚区。当前特色小镇的空间分布是政策主导下区域经济、区位交通、核心城市、旅游资源等因素综合作用的结果。前两批特色小镇主要以农业主导型与工业主导型为主,产业特色有待进一步提升。根据分析结果,从尊重规律、政策导向、产业引领、要素配套等方面提出未来特色小镇的开发建议。

Taking the first two batches of characteristic towns in the China as an example,comprehensively using the spatial analysis methods,such as the nearest index,geographic concentration index,imbalance index,nuclear density,and geographical contact rate,this paper analyzes the spatial distribution of characteristic towns in the country.On this basis,it puts forward the industrial characteristics and development suggestions.The main conclusions can be drawn as follows:The distribution of characteristic towns in China is characterized by'agglomeration in general,relying on economy,along the line,besieging the city and near scenery'.From the perspective of spatial distribution type,the characteristic towns are mainly distributed in the eastern region,and southeast of the demarcation line,which shows a trend of concentration pattern.From the perspective of spatial distribution equilibrium,the characteristic towns show an unbalanced pattern,and the concentration ratio is high.From the perspective of spatial distribution density,they present a pattern of more in the east while fewer in the west,more in the south while fewer in the north,as well as more in the southeast while few in the northwest.Generally speaking,there are five major agglomeration areas:the Bohai Rim,the Yangtze River Delta,the southeast coastal region,the Chengdu and Chongqing in the southwest,and the Central Plains.The spatial distribution of the characteristic towns is the result of the comprehensive role of regional economy,location transportation,core city and tourism resources under the policy guidance.The first two batches of characteristic towns are mainly dominated by agriculture and industry,and the industrial characteristics need further improvement.According to the results,we put forward some suggestions for future development of characteristic towns from rule of law,policy guidance,industry guidance and elements matching.