基于成本收益理论的宅基地自愿有偿退出有效阈值——以改革试点区宜城市为例

The effective threshold of compensation for the voluntary withdrawal from rural homestead:Empirical research based on the reform of pilot city in Yicheng city

宅基地退出是有效缓解城乡建设用地之间的矛盾、促进乡村振兴的重要手段。在梳理宅基地有偿退出路径的基础上构建宅基地价值补偿体系,按照政府能承受、农户能接受、工作可持续的原则,基于成本收益理论科学测定在不同模式下宅基地自愿有偿退出的有效阈值。结果表明:(1)宅基地退出补偿阈值是农户能接受的最小值和政府能承受的最大值所组成的补偿范围。(2)农户退出宅基地损失的机会成本和退出总成本之和小于最小阈值时农户愿意有偿退出,最大阈值低于宅基地、地上附属设施权利价值和退出总成本之和。(3)'异地改造'模式下,政府处于主导地位,资金来源较少,实际补偿金额接近最小阈值。'一户多宅'模式下,政府和农户诉求相当,补偿金额偏向中位数。'整体搬迁'和'社区化'模式下,农户处于主导地位,政府补偿资金来源较多,实际补偿金额趋向最大阈值。

Homestead withdrawal is an important means to effectively alleviate the contradiction between urban and rural construction land and promote the rural revitalization.On the basis of sorting out the path of paid withdrawal of homestead,this paper constructs the value compensation system of homestead.In accordance with the principles of affordability of government,acceptability of peasant households and sustainability of work,the effective compensation threshold of voluntary paid exit of homestead in different modes is scientifically determined based on cost-benefit theory.The results show that:(1)The compensation threshold of paid exit of homestead is the compensation range consisting of the minimum acceptable value for peasant households and the maximum acceptable value for the government;(2)When the sum of opportunity cost and total cost of homestead exit is less than the minimum threshold,peasant households are willing to accept homestead exit,and the maximum threshold is lower than the sum of the value of homestead and ground ancillary facilities and total cost of homestead exit;(3)In the mode of'transformation in different places',where the government plays a leading role and there are fewer sources of funds,the actual compensation amount is close to the minimum threshold.In the mode of'one family but several houses',where the demands of the government are equal to that of the peasant households,the compensation amount is biased to the median.In the mode of'overall relocation'and'community'modes,where farmers play a leading role and there are more sources of compensation funds from the government,the actual compensation amount tends to the maximum threshold.