水稻生长对气温变化响应的研究——以江苏姜堰市不同播种期试验为例

The Effect of Temperature Differences on Rice Growth Based on Sowing Dates

以中熟中粳徐稻3号为试验品种,研究气温升高对苏南地区(江苏姜堰市)水稻生长的影响。通过文献阅读获取当地播期试验数据,与同期气象数据相结合,构建水稻增温试验,模拟研究气候变化对水稻生长的影响。结果表明,气温升高有利于苏南地区的水稻生长。各生理指标受升温影响的具体表现为:水稻生育期缩短,尤其是营养生长时期;叶面积指数(LAI)增量在播种至拔节期及拔节至抽穗期增加,抽穗至成熟期减小,升温有利于水稻生长前期的叶片增长,同时也会加快后期的叶片衰亡;光合势(LAD)在播种至拔节期及拔节至抽穗期下降,而抽穗至成熟期增加;水稻生长各个时期的干物质(DMA)累积增量与群体生长率(CGR)均增加。分析表明,拔节至抽穗期与抽穗至成熟期出现气温饱和点,分别为27.5℃与23℃,均在最适温度范围内。

The objective of this study was to illustrate the effects of climate warming on rice growth by analyzing medium-maturing medium japonica rice in southern Jiangsu. Data from local sowing date experiments were collected from the literature, and combined with meteorological data for the corresponding period to form a field warming experiment to study the effects of temperature increases caused by the different sowing dates on rice growth. The results showed that warming had a positive impact on rice growth in southern Jiangsu. All physiological indexes of rice growth were influenced by warming, and appeared to follow different trends during each growth stage.Temperature increases shortened the length of growth stages, especially the vegetative growth period. Leaf area index increment increased with increasing temperature in the sowing to jointing and jointing to heading stages, but decreased in the heading to mature stage. This showed that rising temperature accelerated the rate of leaf growth during the early rice growth period, and led to leaf premature senescence in later growth stages. The influence of temperature rising on the leaf area duration of rice showed a decreasing trend in the sowing to jointing stage and jointing to heading stage, but increased in the heading to mature stage. Dry matter accumulation increment and crop growth rate increased with temperature in all growth stages. There were several thresholds found for the effect of temperature increase on rice growth, which could be defined as temperature saturation points for rice growth. The temperature saturation points of medium-maturing medium japonica rice in southern Jiangsu appeared at 27.5°C and 23°C in the jointing to heading stage and heading to mature stage, respectively, both in the optimum temperature range.