海域环境恶化对中国海洋捕捞业发展的阻滞效应研究

The Drag Effect of Marine Environmental Deterioration on the Development of China's Marine Fishing Industry

海洋渔业资源是典型的环境敏感型资源。本文基于Romer"尾效"假说,运用新古典经济增长理论,构建了包含海域环境约束的海洋捕捞业柯布-道格拉斯生产函数模型,探讨了海域环境恶化对海洋捕捞业阻滞效应的形成机理并进行了定量测算。结果显示,考虑单位实际劳动产量增长情况下,海域环境恶化对我国海洋捕捞业增长存在阻滞效应的单位圆区间为[π/2,5π/4)。以1997-2011年相关数据资料为例加以实证研究发现,海域环境恶化对我国海洋捕捞业增长的阻滞作用约为0.740 9个百分点,海洋捕捞业面临严峻的海域环境形势。加强海域环境保护,减少陆源污染物排放,同时降低海洋捕捞业从业人口,是实现海洋捕捞业可持续发展的必然选择。

Fish resources are typical environmentally sensitive resources. Because of pollution in the marine environment,the quality and quantity of fish resources have been damaged,affecting ocean development. Based on Romer's‘Drag Effect'hypothesis and neo-classical theory of economic growth,we established a Cobb-Douglas production function model of the marine fishing industry under marine environment constraints. After theoretical examination,we found that when considering actual labors' unit output growth,the unit circle interval of the marine environment's drag effect is [π/2,5π/4). Using data for 1997-2011 we found that deterioration of the marine environment has a drag effect of around 0.7409% on the growth of China's marine fishing industry,which means that if there was no technical progress during this period,annual growth in the fishing industry in China would be 0.74 percentage points lower. This rate of decline is relatively serious compared with the actual output rate of-0.139%. The marine fishing industry is faced with a severe situation regarding the marine environment. Since technological advances are an effective alternative for labor,in order to increase growth in the fishing industry we should enhance fishing techniques,reduce the fisher population,and focus on marine environmental protection. During this process,technological advancement with limited labor increases is essential to achieving the sustainable development of marine fisheries and the ocean economy.