基于文本分析的国际河流信息合作及其对中国的启示

Information Cooperation for International Rivers Based on Content Analysis and the Enlightenment

国际河流信息合作一直是比较重要而敏感的问题,在国际河流谈判中会被仔细讨论并载入相关法律文件之中,因而基于国际涉水条约中信息合作条款的文本分析可以有助于揭示国际河流信息合作的特征。国际涉水条约中关于信息合作方式、合作空间、合作内容、合作频率、合作主体数量等五个维度的特征反映了目前为止国际河流信息合作现状、问题及发展趋势,包括:普遍的实质性信息合作缺乏;信息合作的流域差异性明显;信息合作条款存在很大的模糊性;多边信息合作越来越受到关注等。我国作为多数国际河流的上游国、人均水资源贫乏国和人口大国,在国际河流上的开发利用程度较低,起步较晚,与邻国的水资源合作开发较少,应结合国际河流信息合作的一般趋势和我国国际河流的特点,制定信息合作策略。

The information cooperation regarding international rivers remains an important issue.Here,we examined all available international water treaties signed between 1900 and 2013 and analyzed information cooperation treaties from the dimensions of forms,spatial scales,content,frequency and bilateral or multilateral cooperation. We tried to grasp the existing circumstances,problems and long-term trends of information cooperation. The results indicated that riparian states suffer from a lack of substantial and universal information cooperation. In addition,we found that information cooperation was different in different regions and the treaties were filled with ambiguous provisions. Multilateral information cooperation deserves more attention than ever before. As an upstream country with a large population,China is facing a growing problem of water scarcity. We have limited bright spots since we are so late to take part in the cooperation and development of international rivers with other riparian states. What should we do regarding information cooperation? Combining general trends in information cooperation and the characteristics of China' s international rivers,we propose a concrete strategy for information cooperation for China to adopt.