海口市旅游业直接能源需求与CO_2排放的定量测算

Quantifying Direct Energy Use and Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Haikou Based on a Bottom-up Approach

旅游业利用能源,并由此产生CO2排放是旅游业环境影响的重要方面。由于独特的地理位置和优越的海洋旅游资源,旅游业对海口市的经济的贡献较大,是国民经济的支柱产业。动态来看,随着产业规模的不断扩大,旅游业能耗与排放无论是存量还是增量都呈明显的增势。海口市旅游业能源消耗及CO2排放关乎海南生态之岛、绿色之岛、和谐之岛建设的大计。由于国情及旅游业发展实际等因素,国内现有的旅游业能耗与排放的测算中涉及的各种交通工具、酒店及旅游活动的单位能耗与排放强度等核心参数几乎都使用的是国外5年甚至10年前的经验数据。本文采用自下而上法,结合大量的实地调研,采用符合我国及海口市实际的能耗与排放强度关键参数,较为准确地测算了海口市2011年旅游业直接能源消耗与CO2排放量。结果表明,2011年海口市旅游业直接能耗为28.11PJ,占当年全市总能耗的22.67%;旅游业直接CO2排放总量为2.12Mt。旅游业正在或已经成为海口市重点用能产业。为应对气候变化和节能减排,应设法延长游客在海口的停留天数、减少进出往返的飞行次数;加快建立旅游酒店行业能源统计与审计制度,积极引入合同能源管理;在充分研究论证的基础上,考虑开征旅游环境税或生态补偿基金等。

In the last five years,the impact of tourism on the environment and climate,especially energy consumption and CO2emissions(ECCE),has attracted the attention of international organizations in pace with rapid development of the tourism industry. In general,estimations on ECCE have divided the tourism industry into transportation,accommodation and activities.Tourism is the pillar industry for the national economy and the dominant part of service sector in Haikou. As the scale keeps increasing,both stock and increment of ECCE in Haikou's tourism sector has undergone significant growth. Here,a bottom-up approach was applied to determine the amount of ECCE from transport and accommodation of Haikou in 2011. Key parameters such as ECCE intensity were almost consistent with the reality in China and Haikou. We found that tourism may have consumed approximately 28.11 PJ of direct energy in 2011,which corresponds to about 22.67% of total energy consumption in Haikou. It is estimated that CO2 emissions from tourism amounted to 2.12 Mt. The results show that tourism is an important energy-use industry in Haikou.Given climate change,energy- use savings and CO2 emission reduction,the local government should propose effective strategies to let tourists stay at Haikou longer and reduce the frequency that tourists transfer between places of origin and Haikou. In view of the application of contract energy management,the system of energy statistics and energy audits should be established quickly. Environment taxes and ecological compensation for Haikou tourism should be considered in the future.