湖南省耕地经营协调度时空演变

Evolution and coordination of spatial pattern of cultivated land management in Hunan Province

揭示区域耕地经营格局特征有助于从区域层面解读耕地经营模式特点,切实有效提出区域耕地利用转型的重点和发展方向。本研究基于"集约-规模-产能"三要素提出耕地经营协调度评价模型,并借助协调度函数和探索性空间数据分析方法揭示湖南省县域耕地经营格局演变特征。结果表明:(1)1990—2014年间,湖南省县域耕地经营协调水平整体较高,且空间格局差异明显:"长株潭"丘陵区集约指数较高,洞庭湖平原区规模指数较高,主要市辖区及其周边县域产能指数较高;(2)受不同地理区位和社会经济影响,湖南省县域耕地经营要素时空集聚特征存在明显差异:空间维度上,耕地经营协调度由"大集聚"向"小集聚"分布转变;时间维度上,规模指数自相关性较强且分布较集中,产能指数自相关性较弱且分布较分散;(3)从"投入-规模-产出"过程看,平原区呈现"高-高-高"特征,丘陵区表现"高-低-低"特征,山地区则为"低-低-低"特征。结合耕地经营格局时空演化特征成因,建议湖南各县域因地制宜地采用以粮食作物为主的集约经营模式,以经济作物为主的复合经营模式和特色作物经营模式。

Revealing the characteristics of regional cultivated land management pattern helps to interpret the characteristics of cultivated land management model from the regional level, which will effectively propose the key points and development direction of regional cultivated land use transformation. This study initiated an evaluation model of cultivated land management coordination degree based on the three elements of'intensive-scale-capacity,'and used the coordination degree function and exploratory spatial data analysis method to reveal the evolution characteristics of the cultivated land management pattern in the county of Hunan Province. The results show that:(1)The coordination level of cultivated land management in Hunan Province was high overall from1990 to 2014. The spatial pattern was significantly different. For example, the'Changzhutan'hilly area did show a higher intensive index. The Dongting Lake plain area exhibited a higher scale index. The main municipal district and its surrounding county capacity index was relatively high.(2)Due to different geographical locations and socio-economic impacts, there were significant differences in the temporal and spatial agglomeration characteristics of cultivated land management elements in Hunan Province. In the spatial dimension, the coordination degree of cultivated land management changed from'large agglomeration'to'small agglomeration.'In time dimension, the scale index autocorrelation was strong, the distribution was concentrated, and the productivity index was weakly correlated and distributed.(3) From the'input-scale-output'process, the plain area exhibited'high-high-high'signs, the hilly areas exhibited'high-low-low'characteristics, and the mountain areas were characterized by'low-low-low.'Combined with the characteristics of the spatial and temporal evolution of cultivated land management pattern, it is suggested that Hunan counties should adopt an intensive management model based on food crops, with economic crops as the main business model and characteristic crop management model.