环境对城市房价影响研究述评与展望

Review and prospect of research on the influence of the environment on spatial disparity of urban housing prices

居民对居住环境的重视和生活品质的提高,以及城市环境资源的供给不足与分布不均,加剧了环境对城市房价空间差异的影响。探索环境对房价的影响机制,有助于改善环境资源的空间配置,加快宜居城市建设,对提高城市竞争力和新型城镇化水平具有重要意义。本文简略梳理了环境对房价影响涉及的几个理论视角,系统总结了环境对房价空间差异的正面、负面和综合性影响研究进展,并对该领域的研究作出初步的展望和思考。研究表明:国际上较为系统地分析了环境对房价的综合性影响,主要从水污染、噪声污染、固废污染和电磁污染等4个方面测度了环境对房价的负面效应;关注环境与住房的属性特征和环境景观可达性对房价的作用。国内相关研究起步较晚,主要考察环境景观对房价的溢价效应;相关研究存在研究系统性不足,研究方法较单一,研究深度不够等问题。建议未来关于环境对房价的效应研究需完善系统性的分析框架;研究方法上应该考虑数学模型与行为分析验证的结合;研究内容上重视人的"环境心理感受"及其在房价上的反馈,加强环境对房价低值区的影响研究,关注中小城市和欠发达城市房价空间差异及其环境影响分析,重视环境、住户、房价相结合的微观机制研究。

With urban residents’increasing attention on the living environment and the general improvement of the quality of life,the insufficient supply and uneven distribution of urban environmental resources have intensified the impact of the environment on the spatial differences of urban housing prices.Exploring the impact mechanism of the environment on housing prices will help improve the spatial allocation of high-quality environmental resources and accelerate the construction of livable cities,which also is of great significance for improving urban competitiveness and the level of'new urbanization.'This article firstly briefly reviews the spatial differences of urban housing prices,then systematically summarizes the research progress of the positive impacts,negative impacts,and comprehensive impacts of the environment on housing prices.Finally we examined the prospects for future research in this field.The review of the literature showed that:the positive,negative,and comprehensive effects of the environment on housing prices are systematically analyzed in international literature.Research in China began to pay attention to the positive impact of the environment on housing prices,while studies on the negative impacts and comprehensive impacts are fewer.The accessibility of environmental amenity has become an important perspective and content in the field of environment and housing price research.The attributes of environment and landscape and housing have an important impact on housing prices.The international literature of negative impacts of the environment on housing prices are mainly concentrated on water pollution,noise pollution,solid waste pollution,and electromagnetic pollution.Furthermore,we put forward some thoughts on the prospects of research:The study of the effect of the environment on housing prices needs to improve the systematic analysis framework.The combination of mathematical model and behavioral analysis verification methods should be considered in the research method.People’s subjective environmental perceptions and their feedback on housing prices should be paid attention to.The analysis of the impact mechanism of the environment on low-value region of housing prices should be strengthened,and awareness on inequality of the living environment should be raised.Research should concern the impact of the environment on housing prices at the micro household level and in small and medium-sized cities,taking into consideration local-specific characteristics of housing.