全面停伐背景下国有林区职工主观福祉及其影响因素分析

Well-being of forestry workers and affecting factors after complete cessation of commercial logging of natural forests:Based on the data of Northeastern key state-owned forest areas of China

在全面停止天然林商品性采伐背景下,准确掌握国有林区职工主观福祉水平,为政府部门精准实施全面停伐后的配套扶持政策提供科学依据。本文首次利用覆盖东北五大森工集团的1004个重点国有林区民生改革监测跟踪调查数据,基于阿玛蒂亚·森的可行能力理论框架和千年生态系统评估福祉要素,构建国有林区职工主观福祉影响因素理论模型,运用多项有序Logit模型展开实证检验。研究结果表明:①龙江森工、内蒙古森工和长白山森工全面停伐与国有林区改革效果良好,大兴安岭林业集团和吉林森工滞后;全面停伐后国有林区基础设施建设较快,但医疗条件改善缓慢,收入与就业有待提升。②82.77%国有林区职工生活满意度处于一般满意水平以上,但低于中国农民主观福祉和城镇居民生活满意度水平。③身体状况、附属医院、家庭总支出、住房满意度、物价水平满意度、行政服务满意度、社会保障满意度、收入满意度和双重就业满意度对国有林区职工主观福祉有正向影响。④尽管山上林场和山下社区职工主观福祉影响因素不同,但家庭总支出、物价水平、社会保障、双重就业与收入满意度是提升国有林区职工主观福祉的核心要素。

This study systematically examined the subjective well-being(SWB)of the forestry workers in Northeastern key state-owned forest areas of China after the complete cessation of commercial logging of natural forests,in order to provide a scientific plan for the government to implement the supporting policies.It used the data of 1,004 monitoring and survey questionnaires on the policy reform in the study area.Based on the theoretical framework of Amartya Sen’s capability approach and the indicators of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment,this study empirically analyzed the influencing factors of the SWB of forestry workers using the Ordered Logit models.The results show that:(1)Longjiang Forest Industry Bureau,Inner Mongolia Forest Industry Bureau,and Changbaishang Forest Industry Bureau performed well in the complete cessation of commercial logging of natural forests and the reform of relevant policies,but Daxinganling Forestry Group and Jilin Forest Industry Bureau lagged behind.Infrastructure development was fast,but improvement in medical care provision was slow,and income and employment also need to be improved after the cessation.(2)82.77%of the forestry workers indicated reasonably high level of life satisfaction,but lower than the SWB of Chinese farmers and the life satisfaction of urban residents.(3)Health condition,affiliated hospital,total household expenditure,housing satisfaction,price satisfaction,government service satisfaction,social security satisfaction,income satisfaction,and dual employment have positive impact on the SWB of forestry workers in the Northeastern key state-owned forest areas.(4)Although the influencing factors of SWB of workers in remote forest farms and large forest communities are different,total household expenditure,price,social security,dual employment,and income satisfaction are the core areas for improving the SWB of forestry workers in Northeastern key state-owned forest areas of China.