流域生态服务价值横向补偿分摊研究

Sharing of watershed ecosystem service value horizontal compensation burden by downstream cities

横向生态补偿作为实现绿水青山就是金山银山、促进流域上下游间协调发展的重要制度保障,可实现社会经济效益和生态环境效益的'双赢'。本文基于福利经济学与环境经济学原理,构建了能实现社会效用最大化的流域生态服务价值横向补偿的理论模型,发现只有下游各地方政府给予上游公平合理的补偿,才能弥补上游由于实施生态保护而导致的效用的减少。然后通过层次分析法与结构熵权法相结合,测算下游各地方政府应分摊的横向补偿的权重。并以渭河流域为例,测算得到渭河流域下游的宝鸡市政府、咸阳市政府、西安市政府与渭南市政府对流域上游横向补偿的分摊比例分别为27.11%、22.24%、29.82%、20.83%,该分摊方案定量划分了下游各地方政府应承担的责任,而且分摊比例与上述4市的经济发展情况相匹配,兼顾效率与公平,也利于强化下游各地方政府保护与建设流域生态环境的责任感和使命感。

Horizontal ecological compensation as an important institutional arrangement for achieving ecological protection and promoting coordinated development between upstream and downstream areas can realize both socioeconomic and environmental benefits in a win-win situation.Based on the principles of welfare economics and environmental economics,this study constructed a theoretical model for horizontal compensation of watershed ecological service value that can maximize social utility.It is found that only when downstream local governments transfer funds to an upstream area in a fair amount can upstream area’s reduction in utility caused by protecting ecosystem services be reasonably compensated for.By combining analytic hierarchy process with structural entropy weight method,we calculated weights of horizontal compensation that should be shared by local governments in a downstream area.Taking the Weihe River watershed as an example,it is estimated that the proportions of the horizontal compensation for the upstream area by Baoji,Xianyang,Xi’an,and Weinan city governments of the Weihe River watershed downstream area are 27.11%,22.24%,29.82%,and 20.83%.Thereby,the horizontal compensation share of the downstream local governments that can improve social utility is obtained.In the proposed burden-sharing scheme,the proportion of compensation burden to be borne by Xi’an,Baoji,Xianyang,and Weinan governments decreases successively,in line with the economic development level of the four cities.The assessment results quantitatively determine the responsibility of the local governments of the downstream area,which not only gives consideration to efficiency and fairness,but also helps strengthen the sense of responsibility of the local governments in the downstream area to protect and build the ecological environment of the watershed.