国土空间规划法的立法逻辑与立法框架

Legislative logic and framework design of spatial planning law

国土空间规划立法是规划行为科学展开、规划实施有序进行、规划管理规范有效的重要保障。本文在总结国内外空间规划法律法规体系的基础上,分析了国土空间规划法的立法逻辑,探讨了国土空间规划法的立法框架。在立法定位上,国土空间规划法属于公法(行政法)范畴,具有公益性、强制性和行政性特征;在立法意旨上,应体现国家意志,促进永续利用,完善治理体系,提升治理能力;在立法精神上,应注重规划行政与权力配置、空间正义与行政效率、规划引导与空间管制、以法治权与程序公正等要点。关于立法总体框架,可从规划体系、规划编制、规划审议、规划实施、规划监管等方面设计。根据立法时序与立法紧迫性,本文提出由易到难的进阶立法路径,以期为国土空间规划法的制定提供参考。

Spatial planning law is an important guarantee for the scientific development of the planning,orderly implementation of the plan,and its effective management.Based on the summary of the Chinese and international spatial planning laws and regulations,this study analyzed the legislative logic of the national spatial planning law and discussed the legislative framework of the national spatial planning law.In terms of legislative orientation,the spatial planning law belongs to the category of public law(administrative law)and has the characteristics of promoting public welfare,and being compulsory and administrative;in terms of the legislative intent,it embodies the will of the state,promotes sustainable use,improves governance,and optimizes the spatial pattern of use;in terms of the spirit of legislation,it should pay attention to plan administration and power allocation,space justice and administrative efficiency,planning guidance and space control,and the rule of law and procedural justice.The overall framework of legislation can be designed from the aspects of planning system,plan development,plan review,plan implementation,and plan supervision.According to the legislative sequence and the urgency of legislation,this article proposes a gradually advanced legislative path from simple to difficult,in order to provide references for the formulation of the national spatial planning law.