江苏流刺网不同马力渔船作业的时空特征

Analysis of the temporal and spatial characteristics of different horsepower gillnet fishing boats in Jiangsu Province

本文基于抽样调查获得的2014全年江苏省沿海刺网渔船的生产数据,对江苏刺网不同马力渔船生产习惯,包括时间和空间上的选择特征,进行了初步研究。分析结果发现,不同马力渔船生产时间有一定差别,多数渔船主要生产时间均在伏季休渔结束后;小马力渔船不仅伏休后出航率较高,年底出航也保持较高水平。江苏刺网渔业整体生产有明显的季节特征,年初1—3月出航船数处于全年最低水平;清明节后、伏休前4—5月,出现一个生产小高潮;休渔结束后出航船数为全年最高水平。不同马力渔船空间分布不同,小马力渔船外海水域分布相对较少,随着马力增大渔船生产水域往外海和往北方向水域生产的可能性更大。不同月份渔船空间分布不同,1—3月生产处于偏北、偏近海水域; 4—5月生产偏向外海,相对前期南北方向变化不大、仍处于偏北水域; 8―9月偏近海和北部水域; 10—12月向南和外海移动进行生产。另外分析渔船的生产能力与马力之间的关系发现,渔船马力大小与单位捕捞努力量渔获量(CPUE)之间存在着正相关关系,关系式为CPUE=5.3428e^((0.0062′Power)),该结果可以为江苏刺网渔船捕捞强度的评估提供重要参考。最后基于研究结果,针对刺网渔船时间和空间上的生产特征提出了相应管理建议。

Based on the fishery production sampling data obtained from the coast of Jiangsu Province in 2014, the production and spatial distribution characteristics of different horsepower gillnet fishing vessels were analyzed.The results show that different horsepower fishing boats differ in terms of production time;the main production time of the majority of vessels is after the closure of the summer fishing period. The rate of fishing of small horsepower vessels is high not only after the closure of the fishing period, but also in the months towards the end of the year. The overall fishing production has obvious seasonal characteristics: at the beginning of the year, from January to March, the number of fishing vessels was the least;after the Ching Ming Festival and before the closure of the fishing period, from April to May, there was a small peak in the number of boats setting out for fishing;after the closure of the fishing period, the number of fishing boats was the greatest. The spatial distribution characteristics varied among different horsepower fishing vessels. The small horsepower vessels are fewer in the outer waters,and production is more likely in the waters further west and north, in terms of increasing horsepower. The distribution of fishing vessels in different months is different: the production waters occurred towards the northern area and close to inshore waters from January to March;the production waters tended to be offshore and in northern waters in April and May, same in latitude range of the pre-period;the production of the boats tended to be inshore and in northern waters in August and September;the production waters tended to occur in the southern and offshore waters from October to December. Additionally, there was a positive correlation between the size of the vessel and the catches per unit of effort(CPUE), and the relationship is estimated as CPUE=5.3428 e(0.0062?Power);this can provide an important reference for the evaluation of the fishing intensity of Jiangsu gillnet fishing vessels.Finally, based on the research results, the corresponding management suggestions are proposed according to spatial and temporal characterization of gillnet production.