略论北魏汉译佛经句法的文体特征

The Stylistic Features of the Buddhist Scripture Grammar in the Northern Wei Dynasty

北魏汉译佛经在判断句、连动句、比拟句等句法项目上均表现出与中土文献的差异即文体特征,如"是"字判断句使用频率更高,判断句结构叠架、语义冗余现象突出;连动句中双音节新词多见,两个动词结构之间用"以""而以""以用"联结的情况突出,人事动词和引语动词的使用活跃;比喻标记复标同用的情形比较多见,表示极比的比较结构的丰富性超过平比、差比、泛比的结构,表示等同意义的动词通常位于比较对象后,佛经文献的比喻句还集中出现了一种较为后起的新的比喻方式。中土文献连动句也因为内容题材的缘故呈现出个体差异。

The Buddhist scriptures syntax in the Northern Wei Dynasty shows stylistic features in the grammatical items such as judgment sentences, serial verb constructions and comparative sentences. 'Shi(是)' judgment sentences are used more frequently in Buddhist Scripture,and the sentence structure and semantic redundancy are prominent. Two-syllable new words are more common. The serial verb constructions are highlighted by the combination of 'Yi(以)'' Er Yi(而以)'and 'Yi Yong(以用)'. The use of verbs about job or position transfer and verbs introducing what a person speaks is active. It is more common to use the metaphor mark. The structure in which the comparative structure of the extreme ratio is more than the flat ratio, the difference ratio, and the general ratio. Verbs that represent equivalent meanings are usually located after the comparison object. The metaphor of the Buddhist scriptures has a new metaphor. The Chinese literature linkage sentence also presents individual differences because of the content theme.