基于最优爬升效率的太阳能无人机飞行策略研究

Research on Flight Strategy of Solar UAV Based on Best Climb Efficiency

针对高空长航时太阳能无人机,在昼夜循环飞行中爬升和巡航这两个主要的能耗阶段,提出了一种基于最优爬升效率的飞行策略。在电推进系统能耗相同的情况下,该策略使无人机于爬升阶段能以最大效率爬升;在巡航阶段,通过无人机飞行速度、电动机转速与螺旋桨桨距角的协调匹配,保持最低能耗飞行,通过精细调节太阳能无人机电推进系统能耗,生成最优飞行方案。同时,将该策略应用到了某大展弦比太阳能无人机上,得出了相应的最优爬升方案和最优巡航方案,为飞控系统装订飞行方案提供了参考,具有一定的工程指导意义。

For the climb phase and cruise phase which contain the main energy consumption of High Altitude Long Endurance(HALE)Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)during day-night flight,a new flight strategy based on best climb efficiency has been proposed.This strategy provides the way to make the solar UAV climb at the best climb efficiency under the condition that the energy consumption of electrical propulsion system is identical.Furthermore,by means of properly matching the work condition of solar UAV velocity,Revolutions Per Minute(RPM)of motor and pitch angle of propeller,minimum energy consumption for the cruise phase flight can be maintained so that the energy consumption of the whole electrical propulsion system can be elaborately adjusted.The proposed strategy is applied to a large scale UAV with large aspect ratio and the correspondingly best flight schemes for climb phase and cruise phase are generated.Such scheme has been as reference input for the flight control system of the whole UAV,which makes the proposed strategy be available in engineering applications.