试析德国政治现代化进程中资产阶级领导地位的缺失及其原因

Analyses on the Absence of Bourgeois Leadership in the Political Modernization Process of Modern Germany

进入近代社会以后,当英、法等国资产阶级通过自下而上的革命全面掌握国家政权,深入展开政治现代化之时,德国资产阶级却未能承担起历史赋予的重任,成为德国政治现代化的主导力量。造成德国资产阶级领导地位在其近代政治现代化过程中缺失的原因主要在于,当时德国国内的阶级力量对比状况不利于资产阶级掌权:首先,德国资产阶级发展过程中对统治阶级异乎寻常的依赖性,使其自身缺乏足够的阶级实力成为整个社会的主要领导力量;其次,德国大众的服从权威思想和德国工人阶级对资产阶级的不认同,使得资产阶级缺乏强大可靠的同盟支持;再次,德国容克贵族采取了适时而进的改革策略,主动抓住了历史先机展开改革而变得更为强大。

While the bourgeoisie of Britain,France and other western countries have gained complete control of state power through a bottom-up revolution to expanded political modernization in depth,the German bourgeoisie has failed to be the dominant force of Germany's political modernization in transformation to modern society.The absence of the German bourgeois leadership position in its modern political modernization is mainly due to the classes confrontation of power in Germany which was not conducive to the bourgeoisie:Firstly,the huge dependence on the ruling class in the process of development of the German bourgeoisie makes them lack of class strength as the leading force of society;Secondly,both of the German public's obedience to the authority and the disagreement to the bourgeoisie of the working class makes it impossible for them to gain a strong and reliable alliance support; Thirdly,the German Junker aristocracy has successfully reformed in time,and therefore the pre-industrial elites take the initiative to seize the historical chance and to be more powerful through the reform process.