清末“皇族内阁”研究述论

A Research Review of “Royal Cabinet” in the Late Qing Dynasty

迄今为止,学界对"皇族内阁"的研究总体上仍有着"宁贬勿褒"的思维定势,而未能结合其内忧外患的特殊背景及宪政非一蹴而就的事实进行深入的阐述。即便是对该机构有所论述,也只是稍有提及,或语焉不详。一百多年来,学界对其研究的特点主要有:研究起点较晚、论著甚少、内容单调,几乎都只是为研究该内阁的人员构成而作,更为突出的还在于观点大多一致。但实际上,一百多年来被咒骂不止的"皇族内阁"只不过是清廷在考察宪政各国的基础上,结合古今中外之政制及清末内忧外患之国情,从而走移植与嫁接并举的二元君主立宪式道路的产物,是过渡性的责任内阁,是被动荡的时代所催生的早产儿,而并非学界所谓的卖国的、可耻的内阁或谓怪胎。

So far, generally, the academic's study on the 'royal cabinet' still retains some thinking set that would rather belittle than not praise, and do not have a deep exposition with the special background of the domestic trouble and foreign invasion and constitutionalism being not accomplished at one stroke, even has been discussed, but just a little mention, or not speak in detail. For more than one hundred years, the main features of the academic 's study are: the late research starting point, very few works, monotonous contents, almost only study the cabinet 's staff composition, and what's more, mostly have the same opinion. But in fact, the 'royal cabinet', has been cursed for more than one hundred years, is a product that bases on studying various constitutional governments by the late Qing government, combines with ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign politics, and national conditions in the late Qing dynasty, go a simultaneous transplantation and grafting type of dual constitutional monarchy system. It is a transitional responsibility cabinet, a 'premature infant' created by the turbulent times, rather than a so-called traitorous and shameful cabinet or a freak cabinet.