索绪尔语言理论之哲学三观

Saussure's Linguistic Theory of the Three Philosophical Perspectives

21世纪以来,学界关于索绪尔语言理论研究甚夥,其视角主要在理论本体研究、对比研究以及语言学史研究三大方面,而着重于理论本体研究中的朔源、解读和思辨。以索绪尔《普通语言学教程》为基础,记述索绪尔语言理论中的符号观、价值观、系统观,关注语言社会性、地域性,进而探究语言交际和语言传播中形成的哲学思想,重点分析并阐发了索绪尔语言理论呈现的哲学观,即自下而上的组合观、自上而下的整体观和动态平衡的实践观。

Since the 21st century, various researches on Saussure's linguistic theory have been conducted by the academic circles, whose perspectives mainly focus on the following three aspects; the theoretical studies itself, the comparative studies and the history of linguistics. Certainly, the emphases are laid on three parts of theoretical studies, namely, the source tracing, the interpretation and the speculation. Based on Saussure's classic—Course in General Linguistic—this article gives an account of: the views of symbols, values and systems, and then explores the philosophy formed in the social, regional, communication and spread of language. The key analysis and expositions are given to the philosophy of Saussure's linguistic theory, namely, the bottom-up combination view, the top-down holistic view and the dynamic-balanced practice view.