《山海经》的原生态小说特征分析

Analysis of Shan Hai Jing's Original Ecology Novel Characteristics

《四库全书总目》首次将《山海经》列入子部小说家类,冠于异闻之首,并称之为"小说之最古者"。其分类的原因仅是道里山川难以考据,依据不足。《山海经》文本形式上篇幅短小;内容蕴含"大道";内容记载具有真实性,神话传说在传播过程中未"变形",符合中国古代小说真实性评判标准。这三方面从小说特征上补充了《山海经》列入小说家类的立论依据。

Shan Hai Jing was classified in the novelist of Zibu in The Abstract of Si Ku Quan Shu for the first time, and it was arranged in the first place of books. So it was called 'the most ancient novel'. The reason why it was classified like this was that ancient mountains and rivers in Shan Hai Jing couldn't be investigated. There are three novel characteristics which are short text form, contents with major principle, and contents recorded with authenticity. The myths and legends recorded in Shan Hai Jing have been recorded without deformation in the process of spreading, which is a criterion in judging Chinese ancient novel's authenticity. These aspects in novel's characteristics can supplement theoretical basis for Shan Hai Jing's classification in novelist category.