文体学视角下《荒原》中的“传统”与“非个性化”

A Stylistic Analysis on the Concepts of “Tradition”and“Impersonality” in “The Waste Land”

艾略特身兼诗人和文学批评家,在文学创作中,积极践行自己提出的文学创作与批评理念,这在他的前期诗歌中表现的尤为明显。以往对《荒原》的解读中,并未从文体学视角为艾略特的"传统"与"非个性化"理念寻找语言证据。故采用话语分析的方法,以王湘云有关诗歌文体特征的相关描述为理论基础,从外在形式、语义张力之间、外在形式与语义张力相结合这三个维度进行具体论述。所得结果中,王湘云的分类中有8个能够具体体现"传统"与"非个性化",并与之共同构建诗歌主题。讨论发现,这些文体特征,是对20世纪初现代社会状况的模仿,同时也为艾略特保存传统,描写"非个性化"经验提供语言证据。

Both as a poet and literary critic, T. S. Eliot actively practiced the criteria advocated by himself on literary creation and criticism, especially in his early works. Previous studies on 'The Waste Land' seldom attempted to find linguistic evidences on his concepts of tradition and impersonality from the perspective of stylistic analysis. It set out to examine minutely the phenomenon mentioned above by reference to the classification on stylistic study of poetry proposed by Wang Xiangyun from three dimensions: language forms, semantic tension, and between language forms and semantic tension. The method used was discourse analysis. The results showed that Eliot's tradition and impersonality were well presented by 8 of Wang's classification, which co-contributed to the theme of the poem in question. It was found that the stylistic features involved are mimicry of modern society in the early 20 th century.Meanwhile, it also provided linguistic evidences of how Eliot bearing tradition and characterizing impersonal experience in his creation.