从功能语言学翻译质量评估模式论“意译”的自由——以I Am Afraid的4种译本为例

On Freedom of “Free Translation” in the Perspective of Functional Linguistics-based Translation Quality Assessment Model——A Case Study of 4 Versions of I Am Afraid

学界对诗歌翻译的"意译"和"直译"的争论由来已久,翻译研究者在长期的翻译实践中积累了丰富的经验并总结出翻译方法,为"意译"和"直译"的探索提供了基础和立论依据。本文借功能语言学视角下的翻译质量评估模式,从形式、功能和情景互动三个方面对I Am Afraid的4种汉译进行解读、分析和评估,讨论英诗汉译的过程中,译者在保证翻译质量的同时,选择"意译"自由的主客观原因。研究发现,英诗汉译受限于形式和内容的难以平衡,译者在翻译的时候既要顾及微观小句层面的概念意义和人际意义上的对等,即内容的"忠",又要顾及宏观语篇层面的成篇属性上的对等,即形式的"美",往往顾此失彼。这表明,"意译"赋予译者的创作自由是一定的,即在与原文意义对等的基础上,进行谋篇布局,实现功能对等。

The debate between 'free translation'and 'literal translation'lasts for a long time. Translators have accumulated rich experience and summarized translation methods in the long-term practice of translation, which have laid the foundation and theoretical basis for further exploration. Based on the functional-linguistic interpretation of translation nature and translation quality, this paper adopts a functional linguistics-based translation quality assessment model to explain, analyze and evaluate the 4 Chinese versions of I Am Afraid from perspectives of form,function and context. This paper also discusses the subjective and objective reasons for the translator's choosing free translation method to translate the English poems into Chinese on the premise of guaranteeing good translation quality. The research finds out that the translation of English poem, limited by the form and the content, is hard to be balanced. In the translation process, translators should take both the equivalence of ideational and interpersonal meanings at the microscopic level and the equivalence of function at the macroscopic textual level into consideration.