民法典法人分类模式新解——以自治性为视角

A New Way to the Classification of Legal Person——from the aspect of autonomy

法人分类作为民法典编纂中的非主流问题一直未得到应有的关注,由于诸多原因造成法人分类处于"被遗忘"的境地。然目前法定模式与理论模式都存在一定的缺憾,科斯的交易成本理论为法人分类提供了启发,法人作为分配资源的枢纽,承担着降低交易成本、福利分配成本以及权力运行成本的职能。不同法人所降低成本的类型决定了其自治性的强弱,从而建构起与其相配套的以自治性为核心的"完全自治性法人—过渡性自治性法人—非自治性法人"三元层级结构,其为动态流动过程而非静态结构,也为法人分类模式找到新的出路。

The classification of legal person is taken as a non-mainstream issue in Civil Code and has not received enough attention. Many causes contribute to the ignorance of the classification of legal person. However, there are some drawbacks in the statutory model and theoretical model, and finding a new way out is still possible. Coase's transaction cost theory provides the inspiration for the classification of legal person. Legal person is a core to allocate different resources, and has the responsibility to reduce transaction costs,welfare distribution costs and power operation costs. These three different costs determine the autonomy intensity of legal person, and make the autonomy a core to construct a brand new classification model with three hierarchies- 'full autonomy legal person''transitional autonomy legal person' 'non-autonomy legal person', which is a dynamic flow structure rather than a static structure.