《申报》叙事中的“江亚轮沉没”

The Sinking of Jiangya Steamer Reported by Shen Bao

1948年正值解放战争战略决战阶段,民众因战事推移与政局变动而搬迁之现象已不为罕见。是年12月3日晚,在淮海战役所引发的南迁大潮中,自沪驶甬的江亚轮超载负荷,行至吴淞口突然爆炸沉没,死伤乘客甚多,社会反响剧烈。惨案发生后,作为公共领域构成的《申报》和旅沪同乡会分别从舆论话语和参与实践层面发挥对政府当局的监督、约束和规范之作用,推动善后处理进程。然而事件终因国民党政府败退台湾而不了了之,公共领域的效力亦自行消解。管窥江亚轮事件可见,国共内战非常时期公共领域的样态表征与政府权力的制衡效力,以及20世纪中期中国社会公共领域的传统与现代的交织缠绕。

In 1948,the War of Liberation was in strategic cession. With the changing in battle and politics, people immigrated frequently. Jiangya steamer, from Shanghai to Ningbo, overload sailed and suddenly exploded and sank.As the public space, Shen Bao and the fellow association in Shanghai supervised, restrained, and standardized the government authorities, which pushed the handling process. However, it eventually went away by the Kuomintang government to Taiwan, and the effectiveness of the public space also eliminated. Observing Jiangya event, it was seen that the representation of the public space and the effect on balancing power of the government in civil war period between Kuomintang and the Communist Party. In the middle of the 20th century, tradition and modern interweaved in China.