利益与秩序:1919年苏米弛禁风波研究

Interests and Order: the Crisis of Lifting the Grain Ban of Jiangsu Province in 1919

自清末开始,江苏省一直实行严格的米禁政策。日本政府因"米骚动"事件于1918年底要求苏米弛禁出口,助其度过粮食危机。针对这一问题,北京政府希望得到日本在巴黎和会上的支持以及获得借款维持机构运转,支持弛禁;苏省方面针对其民食真实状况以及和北京政府作为直皖两系的对立,坚决反对弛禁;广东政府作为南方政府的一部分,认为弛米赴日不如解救本国人民,使其度过粮食危机;粮食研究会从苏省米价低廉、谷贱伤农、影响农民积极性等方面,成立专门组织,设法动员苏米弛禁。最终,出于利益和秩序的考量以及苏省的强硬态度,苏省严禁政策依旧。

Jiangsu province had been strictly implementing a grain ban since the late Qing Dynasty. In the end of1918, the Japanese government required lifting the grain ban of Jiangsu province to pull through the food crisis in the 'rice riot' event. Facing this issue, Beijing government preferred helping Japan hoping to gain the Japanese support in Paris Peace Conference and to acquire loans to maintain its operation; Jiangsu Province determined to oppose loosening the policy, taking into account the reality of local food condition and its opposite relation with Beijing government as respectively the forces of Zhi and Wan; Guangdong government as a part of the southern government held that rescuing Chinese people out of their own food crisis is better than loosening grain ban and sending rice to Japan; The grain research association established specialized organizations trying to advocate the abandoning of grain ban, considering the low prices of rice in Jiangsu, and their damaging and discouraging effects on farmers, etc. Ultimately, after the balance of interests, the compromises of each party and Jiangsu 's strong attitude, the grain ban of Jiangsu province continued.