传统与现代之间:社会分工视域下的上海女工境遇(1920-1930年代)

Traditional and Modern: Social Division of Situation of Shanghai Female Factory Workers (1920-1930s)

马克思主义的社会分工理论是理解现代妇女地位演变的一把钥匙。近代上海女工"不仅苦于资本主义生产的发展,而且苦于资本主义生产的不发展"。工业化带来的恶劣环境对女工产生了极大的冲击。主要表现为:超长的劳动时间、童工化严重、灰色势力的盘剥、道德风化的滑坡、传统家庭结构危机以及传统伦理观的残余等影响。但不应忽视的是,"赚钱能力"的提升促进了女工的家庭和社会地位的改善。主要表现为:在家庭事务中,她们有了一定的话语权;传统社会重男轻女之风有了一定地转向。尤为重要的是,工业化打破了传统家庭、宗族的束缚,扩大的生活空间与新思想接触推动了女工近代思维的产生。

Understanding the Marxist's theory of social division of labor is the key in the evolution of the modern women's status. Modern Shanghai women 'not only suffer from the development of capitalist production,but suffer from does not development of capitalist production'. Under the influence of social,economic and other factors,women factory occupies more than half of Shanghai factory workers. Industrialization of bad environment has greatly impact on the female workers. Main show is: long work time,child labor exploitation,serious,gray forces moral crisis weathering of landslide,the traditional family structure and the remnants of traditional ethics. But,that should not ignore the ascension 'earning power'to promote the family and social status of female workers to improve. Main show is: in the family business,they have certain say; The wind of traditional social preference for sons had certain to turn to. Most importantly,to break the bondage of the traditional family,the clan of industrialization,enlarge the living space of contact with new ideas to promote the modern women thinking.