易卜生戏剧中的索尔薇格形象谱系及其伦理力量

The Ethical Force of the Solvejg Genealogy in Ibsen's Plays

易卜生戏剧中的诸多人物形象既有独特的个性,彼此之间也有相近相通性,构成了一个个形象谱系。譬如《培尔·金特》中的索尓薇格,她在易卜生戏剧中并非一个孤立的存在,而是从一个鼓舞人心的道德理想的化身,不断发展、变异,形成了一个由本象、类象、反象和超象共同组成的形象谱系。其中,本象指《培尔·金特》中所呈现的索尔薇格形象,类象为与本象类似、非常接近之象,如《玩偶之家》中的娜拉与《罗斯莫庄》中的碧爱特,反象为与本象相反、与类象相对之象,如《海达·高布乐》中的海达,超象为超越本象之象,暗示着本象进一步发展的可能性,如《罗斯莫庄》中的吕贝克。综上,索尔薇格形象谱系分别从正反合三个层面强化了易卜生戏剧的伦理力量。

The various characters in Ibsen's plays have their similarities and distinctions,thus forming different genealogies. Among them Solvejg in Peer Gynt is a notable one. Her image has evolved from an incarnation of ideal morality into a complex genealogical system,which consists of original image( imago originalis),similar image( imago similis),opposite image( imago opposita) and transcendent image( imago transcendentis). Original image refers to Solvejg herself,who possesses the ethical force for her self-sacrifice and forgiveness,thus hailed as a Santa Mari. Similar images like Nora in Et Dukkehjem and Beata in Rosmersholm are similar to Solvejg in their integration of humanity and divinity.Their positive energy contrasts sharply with the devilishness of the opposite image—the eponymous Hedda Gabler. Transcendent image surpasses the original thus implies its potentiality. It is best exemplified by Rebecca West in Rosmersholm. She insightfully construes excessive tolerance and patience as obstacles to one's self-realization,yet opts to sacrifice her happiness and even her own life to Rosmer's oeuvre. Rebecca's'selvmord'due to her sense of guilt is more of atonement than penance—she chooses a path somewhat paradoxical towards her own original idea—this choice retranslates and outstrips Beata's self-sacrifice as well as'Schleichweg zum alten Ideal'. And this process of 'the negation of negation'in her life highlights particularly its tremendous ethical power. Through these kindred images the author of this paper pinpoints that the Solvejg genealogy confirms and reinforces the ethical force of Ibsen's plays on three levels respectively,i. e. thesis,antithesis and synthesis.