论认缴制下发起人的资本充实责任

A Study on the Initiator's Liability of Capital Maintenance under the Subscription Capital System

资本充实责任旨在保护公司债权人利益,维护股东间权利义务相统一。其内容包括缴纳担保责任和差额填补责任,均为无过错的连带责任。新公司法规定出资期限章程自治、无最低注册资本限制和废除验资程序,加重了资本充实责任的严苛性。认缴制下资本充实责任的适用增加了有限责任原则突破的可能性,公司交易功能削弱,投资者间的利益平衡易被打破。我国现行的社会信用体系难以给予商事主体足够的信息获取途径以达到发起人之间应有的特殊信赖关系,因此宜构建健全的社会信用体系,同时确定发起人的先诉抗辩权、确立过错责任原则等路径以解决认缴制下资本充实责任的适用困境。

The liability of capital maintenance is to protect the interests of corporate creditors and the obligations of shareholders.It includes the responsibility to pay and the liability to fill the balance.The new company law stipulates that the period of contribution is subject to autonomy of company charter and that there are no minimum registered capital limit and capital verification procedures,which increases the harshness of the liability of capital maintenance.Under the subscription capital system,the application of the liability of capital maintenance raises the possibility of breaking the principle of limited liability.The trading function of the company is weakened and the balance of interests among investors is broken easily.Current social credit system is difficult to give commercial entities sufficient access to information to achieve the special trust relationship.Therefore,it is desirable to establish a sound social credit system,and to establish the right of defense of the initiators and establish the principle of fault liability to solve the plight of the liability of capital maintenance under the subscription capital system.