立足于现实主义的诗歌理论——从《诗的见证》看米沃什的诗歌理论

A Poetic Theory Based on Realism——Czesaw Miosz's Poetic Theory in The Witness of Poetry

对米沃什的诗歌理论研究有助于深入了解其诗歌文本,而其诗论观点散见于《诗的见证》一书中,通过细读全书,归纳总结了米沃什立足于现实主义的诗歌理论特点,并着重分析了其对诗歌定义、诗歌语言、诗歌功能的看法。米沃什认为诗歌是对真实的热情追求,因此诗歌要努力追求世界真相,展现现实原型,避免不真实的表达。对真实的思考让米沃什并不过分重视修辞的作用,因为诗歌语言并不是词语的堆砌而要指涉现实,所以他认为在一首诗歌中可以杂糅多种语言风格来达到指涉现实的目的。在他看来,诗歌不能忽视时代和历史,更不能忘却信仰和责任,诗歌应该具有道德责任感。

It is helpful to understand Czesaw Miosz's poems by studying his poetic theory.And his poetic theory can be understood through his book named The Witness of Poetry.Through careful reading of the book,the characteristics of his theory could be summarized.This paper lay special stress on analysing his points on the definition,language and function of poetry.His view is that poetry is to seek the reality,spread out the realistic prototype,and avoid unreal expression.For him,the pursuit of reality comes before the rhetorical function of poetry.Because the language of poetry is not a pile of words,but to refer to the reality,he thinks that a poem can mix a variety of language styles to show the realistic prototype.In his opinion,poetry should not ignore the times and history,it also should not forget the beliefs and responsibility.In fact,poetry should have a sense of moral responsibility.