从“散木”到“文木”——先秦两汉散文中“木”意象的衍化

From Sammu to Wenmu——The Evolution of “Wood”Image in Prose from Pre-Qin Period to Han Dynasty

"木"意象在古代文学作品中反复出现,起初人们对"木"意象的描写没有上升到生命哲学的层面。自《庄子》以后,"木"意象开始与生命哲学挂钩。《庄子》一书中"散木"意象表达了庄子"无用之用"的生命哲学。刘胜在《文木赋》中将"文木"的生命历程与文人所渴望的生命历程紧密联系起来。其后,诸多汉代赋作又将"文木"意象予以变形与深化,共同反映了汉代文人的知遇诉求。从"散木"意象到"文木"意象的变化,折射出先秦两汉文人心态的变化,"散木"与"文木"又代表了儒道思想影响下中国古代文人的两种生命范式。

The image of wood appears repeatedly in ancient literary works,and at the beginning,people's description of the image"wood"doesn't reach the level of life philosophy. After the masterpiece,Chuang Tzu,the wood image begins to be associated with life philosophy. In the book Chuang Tzu,the image of Sanmu expresses Chuang-tzu's philosophical thinking about "the use of being useless". In Wen Mu Fu,Liu Sheng links the life course of Wenmu closely to the life course that is admired by literati. Later on,much prose in Han Dynasty changes and deepens the image of Wenmu,which reflects the common appeals of literati in Han Dynasty. The evolution of wood image from Sanmu to Wenmu reflects the change of the Literati's mentality in Pre-Qin period and Han Dynasty. Moreover,the images of Sanmu and Wenmu also represent two life philosophies of ancient Chinese literati under the influence of Confucianism and Taoism.