1912—1914:民初权力格局的形成及裂变——以“二次革命”为主体的历史透视

1912—1914:The Formation and Fission of Power Pattern in the Early Republic of China——A Historical Perspective of the Second Revolution

在"历史合力"的作用下,清王朝近三百年的政治统治在辛亥年骤然坍塌。在专制帝国的废墟上,建立起了亚洲第一个民主共和国,同时也初步形成了多元化的权力格局。民国初建,合作与冲突并存,各方势力分化组合,围绕议会政治进行权力角逐。伴随着权力博弈的失控,民国二年爆发了"二次革命",脆弱的权力平衡被打破,多元化的政治格局被消解,议会政治在武力斗争中濒于破裂。"二次革命"后,袁世凯与孙中山在不同程度上,几乎同时进行着从民权主义向威权主义的转变,民主、共和逐渐走向了异化。

The nearly three hundred years political rule of the Qing Dynasty suddenly ended in the Year of the Xinhai under the influence of different historical forces. Then the first democratic republic in Asia was established,and a diversified power structure was initially formed. At the beginning of the Republic of China,cooperation and conflict coexisted among various parties. Various parties did arduous work to complete for parliamentary political rights. Along with the loss of control over the power game,the Second Revolution broke out in the second year of the Republic of China. The fragile balance of power was broken. The diversified political pattern was dissolved and parliamentary politics were on the edge of collapse in the struggle among different forces.After the Second Revolution,both Yuan Shikai and Sun Yat-sen turned from populism to authoritarianism to varying degrees. Finally,democracy and republicanism in ROC gradually became marginalized.