嘉庆时期琼州海盗探析

An Analysis of Pirates in Qiongzhou during Jiaqing Period

安南阮光平通过藏匿、收编中国海盗,从中获利,以实现统一安南的目的,此举使得粤海不宁,海盗频扰。嘉庆七年(1802)以前,琼州只是海盗往返的必经之地,但不在其劫掳的目标内。即使出现劫掳也颇有顺手牵羊之意,因为海盗志在广东本土及闽浙。嘉庆七年(1802)后,大量海盗退入粤海,琼州遭海盗劫掳的频率增加。嘉庆十四年(1809)后琼州成为以乌石二为首的海盗生存下去的最后依托,故海盗对琼州进行疯狂的劫掳。乾隆末年至嘉庆时期,海盗猖獗的二十年间,琼州不可避免地遭到海盗的劫掳,但琼州匪情是否严重,则一直取决于外部因素,所以琼州对海盗而言仅充当备选角色,是广东本土乃至闽浙的从属品。

Ruan Guangping of Annan made profits by hiding and collecting Chinese pirates in order to achieve the goal of reunifying Annan area,but it made the Guangdong Sea area uneasy and the pirates disturbed frequently.Before the seven years of Jiaqing(1802),Qiongzhou was only a place for pirates to pass by,but it was not the target of piracy.Even if there is robbery,it is because of convenience,for pirates will be active in Guangdong and Fujian and Zhejiang provinces.After the seventh year of Jiaqing(1802),a large number of pirates returned to the Guangdong Sea,and the frequency of piracy in Qiongzhou increased.After the fourteenth year of Jiaqing(1809),Qiongzhou became the last support for the survival of the pirates led by Wushi Er,so the pirates carried out crazy looting of Qiongzhou.During the 20 years from the end of Qianlong to Jiaqing,pirates were rampant,and Qiongzhou was inevitably captured by pirates.However,it always depended on external factors whether the banditry situation in Qiongzhou was serious or not.Therefore,Qiongzhou only acted as an alternative role for pirates,and it was a subordinate product of Guangdong,Fujian and Zhejiang provinces.