论责任保险第三人请求权的体系解释与完善

The Study on the Interpretation and Perfection of the Third Party Claim Right of Liability Insurance

责任保险第三人请求权于理论和实践中的误识和误用源于法律规范的不明确和学理阐述的不精进,以体系解释为切入能够破解这一困境。于外在关联上,《中华人民共和国保险法》(以下简称《保险法》)第六十五条第一款及第二款均可解释为第三人请求权的效力来源。于内生要件上,应总结司法实务经验并建立起回归至法律效果判断的不真正连带责任说。建议对第三人请求权制度完善如下:将申请仲裁纳入'怠于请求'的判断时点;在对第十四条第三项的兜底条款进行适用时,应以赔偿责任成立及责任比例为内容上的依据;建立起责任保险被保险人赔偿请求权的破产别除权制度,以填补现行制度框架的法律漏洞。

The misunderstanding and misuse of the third party’s claim right in theory and practice stems from the ambiguity of the legal norms and the insufficiency of the academic explanation.The system interpretation can cut the dilemma.In terms of external relations,the first paragraph and the second paragraph of Article 65 of the Insurance Law of the People’s Republic of China(hereinafter referred to as the Insurance Law)can be interpreted as the source of the power of the third party’s claim.On endogenous elements,it is necessary to summarize the judicial practice experience and establish a non-joint liability statement that returns to the judgment of legal effects.It is suggested that the system of claims for third party liability insurance be improved as follows:Arbitration of applications shall be included in the judgment of'slacking off on claims';when the provisions of the second paragraph of Article 20 apply,it shall be determined by the establishment of liability and the proportion of liability.As a basis for content,the bankruptcy system for liability claims of the liability insurance insured was established to fill the loopholes in the current institutional framework.