图文小说《鼠族》的叙事与聚焦（英文）

Narration and Focalization in Graphic Novel Maus

《鼠族》是由上下两部组成的图文小说,讲述了关于纳粹屠犹的血腥历史,阿特作为一名漫画家记录了其父亲弗拉德克从战前到战后的记忆,并且以图文结合的形式再现了其父亲在奥斯维辛集中营的痛苦经历,让读者对大屠杀时间对当事人以及其后人带来的创伤影响有了直观的了解。《鼠族》是第一部获得普利策文学奖的图文小说。其独特的多层叙事风格以及双层多人物的聚焦给这部小说带来了丰富的阅读体验。从《鼠族》的叙事风格和聚焦来研究其特殊的叙事策略及其带来的影响,可以为读者进一步解读《鼠族》提供更多的角度和可能性。结合经典叙事学家雷蒙-凯南对于聚焦的定义,研究了《鼠族》中聚焦的特殊表现,重点探究了图文小说中聚焦的表现和标志,图文双轨的多重叙事层,音轨和画轨中的聚焦,两种叙事聚焦相互影响,最终导致对叙事可靠性的质疑,拓展了雷蒙-凯南对于传统叙事学中聚焦的定义范围。

Maus is a two-volume graphic novel about the bloody history of Jews and it is the first graphic novel to win Pulitzer Prize.Different from traditional monomodal literary works,Maus entails multimodal narrative structure and multimodal narration.There are three narrative levels and more than one narrator in the doubletrack narration of Maus.The multimodal narration of Maus also calls for more nuanced notice and analysis of its focalization.Because of its multimodal narration,Maus incorporates not only the verbal track focalization but the visual track focalization.The double-track focalization exerts great influence on the expression of the theme of the story involving the Holocaust.It is helpful to take the focalization within various narrative levels and the indicators of focalization in the visual track such as the shading technique,repetition and the meshing of the sequence of various panels into consideration in order to analyze the painful memory of Vladek and its influence on the next generation.Based on Shlomith Rimmon-Kenan’s definition of the scope of the focalization,his idea of simultaneous focalization is further developed and expanded,hoping to shed light on the analysis of graphic novels.