阿普尔批判课程观对中国基础教育课程改革的启示

Michael W.Apple’s Critical Curriculum Theory and Implications of the Basic Education Curriculum Reform in China

迈克尔·W·阿普尔是批判教育研究的杰出代表,致力于建立一种批判性及民主化教育的杰出学者。其批判课程思想主要包括课程的本质是合法化的官方知识、课程知识具有意识形态的潜在性和遮蔽性、课程标准的制定要群策群力、课程评价方式要多元化、课程传递要实现"反思性实践"、培养学生的批判性思维能力等六部分。阿普尔的批判课程理论为审视我国基础教育课程改革出现的问题提供了重要的方法论基础。作为一名批判理论的代表,阿普尔的思想具有一种强烈的批判精神与民主取向,但也有一定的泛意识形态化、缺乏批判性实践的缺陷。据此,笔者提出四点对中国基础教育课程改革的启示:返璞归真,追寻公正;构建网络,实现对话;多元评价,适当放权;加强培训,给予赋权。

Michael W.Apple,an outstanding representative of critical educational research,is influential in the international education field.He is known as one of the most distinguished scholars,who devoted their time to establish a critical and democratic education.Apple's theory provides an important methodology basis,which critically examines the issues of the Basic Education Curriculum Reform.Six main points composing of the critical curriculum theory are as follows:legalization of official knowledge is the nature of knowledge;curriculum knowledge has the hidden and sheltered ideological nature;development of curriculum standards needs to work together;curriculum evaluation methods should be diversified;curriculum delivery should achieve the 'reflective practice';teachers should develop critical thinking ability of students.As a representative of critical theory,his theory tends to be critical and democratic,but it also has some limitations,such as his pan-ideology and the lack of critical practice.Accordingly,this paper sums up four implications for the Basic Education Curriculum Reform in China:returning to nature and searching of justice;building networks and achieving dialogue;multiple evaluation and appropriate delegation of authority;enhancing the training and Empowering.