阳燧、方诸、透光镜

Yangsui(sunflint),Fangzhu and Penetrative Bronze Mirror

中国古代有三种特殊的铜镜:阳燧、方诸、透光镜。阳燧向日以取明火,方诸向月以取明水,这两种铜镜出现于春秋,宋以后退出历史舞台,故存世极少。另一种特殊的铜镜——透光镜因镜背厚薄不同,铸镜时冷却速度不同,及镜面凹凸不平、刮磨时难以消除而产生"透光"现象。宋代科学家沈括在《梦溪笔谈》中已经对透光镜的成因进行过正确的分析。透光镜从汉代一直到清朝道光年间都存在或流传过。

This article analyses three special bronze mirrors in ancient: Yangsui( sunflint),Fangzhu,penetrative bronze mirror.Yangsui and Fangzhu were used to mak fire and get water respectively. These two mirrors appeared in the spring and Autumn Period,and disappeared in Song Dynasty,so only a few has been preserved. The article analyses the cause of formation of another special bronze mirror—penetrative bronze mirror. The causes are: the thickness of mirror's back; the different cooling rate; and the bumpy mirror surface cannot be polished. All the causes confirm what Shen Kuo said in Mengxi Bitan was right. Penetrative bronze mirrors existed from Han Dynasty to Daoguang period in Qing Dynasty.