事件可控性对乐观偏差的影响及年龄比较

Influence of Event Controllability on Optimistic Bias and Comparison between Different Ages

目的:考察事件可控性高低对乐观偏差的影响,并进一步比较不同年龄阶段青少年的乐观偏差状况。方法:以113名初中生、94名高中生和126名大学生为研究对象,阅读一段关于胆固醇会对个体健康产生不良影响的文字材料。通过不同的文字描述来操纵事件可控性的高低,以考察事件高低可控性对乐观偏差的影响,同时对不同年龄阶段被试的乐观偏差进行比较。结果:不同年龄阶段的被试总体上表现出乐观偏差(t=15.34,p<0.01),且高可控组被试的乐观偏差程度更大(F(1,327)=20.93,p<0.01)。不同年龄阶段青少年的乐观偏差程度从高到低依次为高中生、初中生和大学生。

Objective: To explore whether event controllability influences teenagers ' optimistic bias or not and compare the difference of optimistic bias among different ages. Methods: 113 junior middle school students,94 senior middle school students and126 university students took part in the experiment. These predictions were tested in a study in which students were informed about a type of cholesterol that could develop in later life. High-control condition or low-control condition was operated by different description and participants were assigned to each of one condition by which to explore how controllability influence participants' optimistic bias and compared optimistic bias between different ages. Results: On the whole,different ages of teenagers showed optimistic bias( t = 15. 34,p < 0. 01). Furthermore,the high controllability event led to larger optimistic bias [F( 1,327) = 20. 93,p < 0. 01]. Senior middle school students show the highest degree of optimistic bias; university students show the lowest degree of optimistic bias.