《礼记》程式对话与戏剧发生研究

Stylized Dialogue in Book of Rites and the Initiation of Ancient Chinese Drama

考察中国古代戏剧的发生经常从周秦"优人"活动表现出的戏剧特征开始,这个时间段恰恰是《礼记》对话文献整编与传播的初始阶段。《礼记》程式对话可供"模仿"的特征触及到戏剧的本质——对动作、语言及人物内心的"模仿"。这种对话可视作虚拟性的叙事文本,其虚拟性展开与戏剧有相通之处。中国古代"礼"具有相当的表演要求,戏剧需要借助演员的言行"讲述"故事,这两种表演在起点上有相通之处。《礼记》对戏剧的发生有着相当大的促进作用。

The origin of ancient Chinese drama can be traced back to the time of Zhou Dynasty and Qin Dynasty when'Youren'showed certain dramatic features in their performances and when dialogues in Book of Rites began to be documented and disseminated. In these dialogues,that action,speech and characters' psychological activities could all be imitated had touched upon the essence of drama. These dialogues can be considered as fictitious texts which appear interlinked with drama. Rites in ancient times were required to meet the requirements for theatrical performance and therefore,it is reasonable to attribute the initiation of drama to the stylized dialogues in Book of Rites.