5岁幼儿说谎“知行分离”现象研究

A Study on the Phenomenon of “Separation of Knowing from Doing” in Five-year-old Children’s Lying

5岁幼儿有说谎'知行分离'的特征,即知道'说谎不好'但实际仍然会说谎。本研究从169名被试中筛选出120名有效被试,通过榜样、强化、说教等方式对幼儿说谎行为进行干预。研究结果显示:一定的'心理训练'能够对幼儿说谎认知与行为产生影响;5岁幼儿'阅读他人心理'能力显著提升;说谎认知由'一级错误信念'水平过渡至'二级错误信念'水平;5岁幼儿已经表现出'面子谎'意识,并能够通过投射,将自己的真实意愿隐藏;情境因素对幼儿'知行统一'发挥着重要的作用。

Five-year-old children have the characteristic of'separation of knowing from doing'in lying,that is,they know that'lying is not good'but still lie.In this study,120 valid subjects were selected from 169 ones,and intervention on children’s behavior of lying was carried out by setting example,reinforcement and preaching.The results show that certain'psychological training'can affect children’s perception and practice in lying.The ability of five-year-old children’s'reading others’psychology'has been significantly improved;the level of lie perception has transited from the'first-level false belief'to the'second-level false belief';five-year-old children have shown the consciousness of'face lie'and can hide their true intentions through projection;situational factors play an important role in children’s'unity of knowledge and action'.