高校研究生科研诚信：问题、归因及养成路径——基于利益相关者的视角

Scientific Research Integrity of Graduate Students : Problems, Attributions, Developing Paths——From the Stakeholder Perspective

科研诚信是高校研究生科研素养的重要组成部分,也是其在科学研究中应坚守的行为准则。高校研究生科研诚信问题的表征类型有科研经历、科研数据、科研结论造假,剽窃他人的学术成果,署名不实,一稿多投或一稿多发,经费滥用或骗取研究经费,代写论文等。其诱因涉及各利益相关者,如高校的研究生学术培养机制不完善、对研究生科研诚信教育的缺失、自身存在急功近利的现象,导师自身存在科研诚信问题、急于为研究生顺利毕业扫清障碍、更多的科研成果产出给导师个人或师门带来荣誉,研究生读研动机功利化明显、研究生之间存在竞争关系、缺乏学术责任。鉴于此,高校应建立健全研究生学术培养机制,多途径加强宣传教育;优化导师队伍建设,重视研究生科研规范训练;研究生自身应提高科研诚信自觉性,切实提高个人科研能力。

Scientific research integrity is an important part of graduate students’scientific research quality.Likewise,it’s also a norm of behavior that they should adhere to in scientific research.There are several representational types for the problems of graduate students’scientific research integrity,such as falsification of scientific research experience,date and conclusions;plagiarizing others’academic achievements;improper signature;multiple submissions or manuscript for many magazines;fraud or misuse funds and generation of writing a paper etc.The incentives involve several stakeholders.As for universities,there is an incomplete mechanism of academic training for graduate students,the lack of scientific research integrity education and eagerness for quick success.As for supervisors,who have problems of scientific research integrity themselves,they are eager to sweep away the graduated obstacles for students and more scientific research output will bring honor to the supervisor.As for graduate students,there is a utilitarianism of study motivations,competitive relationships between graduates students and lack of academic responsibilities.In view of this,universities should build a sound mechanism of academic training for graduate students and strengthen publicity and education.Construction of supervisor team should be optimized and standard scientific research training should be valued.Graduate students themselves should improve the consciousness of scientific research integrity and improve the personal ability of scientific research.