针捕集法、静态顶空法和水蒸气蒸馏法结合GC-MS对紫花地丁挥发性成分的比较

Comparative Analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds in Viola yedoensis by Needle Trap,Static Headspace and Hydrodistillation Methods Coupled with GC-MS

目的:系统研究紫花地丁的挥发性成分,并比较针捕集法、静态顶空法和水蒸气蒸馏法在紫花地丁挥发性成分分析上的异同。方法:采用针捕集法、静态顶空法和水蒸气蒸馏法并结合GC-MS分别对紫花地丁的挥发性成分进行了分离和鉴定研究,首次使用填充了Tenax,Carbopack X和Carboxen 1000共3种吸附剂的捕集针,采用峰面积归一化法确定各成分的相对质量分数。结果:采用针捕集法从紫花地丁中共鉴定出挥发性成分112个,主要为中等挥发性的成分,以脂肪醛、酮、醇、单萜、倍半萜和芳香族类化合物为主。采用静态顶空法共从中鉴定出挥发性成分37个,主要为高挥发性成分;采用水蒸气蒸馏法共从中鉴定出挥发性成分78个,主要为低挥发性成分。采用这3种方法检出的共有挥发性成分只有13种。结论:该研究将为全面分析中药挥发性成分提供了新的研究方法,相对于静态顶空法和传统的水蒸气蒸馏法,针捕集法具有分析速度快、操作简单、富集效果好和灵敏度高等特点。这3种方法在分析挥发性成分类型上是互补的,不能相互替代。

Objective: To systemically investigate the volatile organic compounds ( VOCs) of Viola yedoensis,and to compare the VOCs differences of V. yedoensis obtained by the needle trap,static headspace and hydrostillation methods. Method: The needle trap,static headspace and hydrostillation methods coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometer ( GC-MS ) were developed for isolation and identification of the VOCs in V. yedoensis. The relative content of each component was obtained by peak area normalization with a triple-bed needle packed with Tenax,Carbopack X and Carboxen 1000 sorbents. Result: The 112 compounds were trapped by using needle trap, mainly moderate volatile components, including aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, monoterpenes,sesquiterpenoids and aromatic compounds. The static headspace and hydrodistillation methods were allowed to obtain 37 ( mainly the high-volatile components) and 78 compounds ( mainly low-volatile components) ,respectively. Only 13 common volatile components were detected in all these three methods. Conclusion: The results clearly demonstrated that the needle trap method is an alternative method for sampling VOCs of herbs, characterized by fast analysis,simple operation,good enrichment effect and high sensitivity. These three methods for VOCs analysis are complementary for each other.