佛手的传统应用

Traditional Application of Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus

佛手作为传统的药食两用的中药,在我国栽培和应用历史悠久,不仅具有较高的药用、食疗价值,同时具有一定的观赏价值和经济价值。有关佛手的提取工艺、化学成分、质量标准、生物活性等现代研究报道较多,但对其本草考证的叙述较少,且古代本草著作中对佛手的相关记载模糊、品种来源混淆,曾出现药材混用现象。该文通过系统查阅中国古代本草、医药典籍和现代著作,对佛手的名称、原植物形态、产地、性味归经、功效及用法进行本草考证,以期正本清源。研究发现佛手在历代本草著作中常以"香橼""枸橼""柑橼""香圆"和"佛手柑"等名称出现,明清之后逐渐明确"香橼"即"枸橼",与"佛手(柑)"为不同品种,故将二者分列陈述。从古至今佛手的产地相对稳定,主产于闽、广、赣等长江以南地区。古今对于佛手性味归经和功能主治的认识基本相同,认为本品性温无毒,具有疏肝理气、和胃止痛、燥湿化痰等功效。关于佛手的炮制方法仅见"新瓦焙为末"和"蒸露",同时偶见"入药以陈久者良"的记载。该文为中药佛手的深入研究、资源开发及综合应用提供了理论依据。

Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus,a traditional Chinese medicine with dual-purpose of drug and food, has a long history of cultivation and application,showing high medicinal,dietetic,ornamental and economic values. Many modern researches have been conducted on the extraction technology,chemical constituents,quality standards and biological activities,but the herbal textual researches were relatively insufficient. The related records of Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus in the ancient Chinese medicinal classics were ambiguous and confusing. By referring to ancient Chinese medicinal classics and modern books,the textual researches of Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus, including the names, plant morphology, origin, medicinal properties, efficiency and application were systematically reviewed and analyzed in this paper,in order to provide the basis for the confirmation of original source of Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus. The results showed that Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus was usually recorded as ‘Xiangyuan’‘Juyuan’‘Ganyuan’‘Xiangyuan’‘Foshougan’etc. in ancient books. After the Ming and Qing dynasties,it became clear that ‘Xiangyuan’was equivalent to ‘Juyuan’,but different from ‘Foshougan’. Therefore,these two species were recorded separately. From the ancient times to the present day, Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus was always mainly distributed in south of the Yangtze River,such as Fujian,Guangdong, Guangxi,and Jiangxi provinces. Ancient records and modern reports basically have the same understanding on properties,efficacies and indications of Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus,considering it was warm in nature with the effectiveness of soothing liver,relieving pain,eliminating dampness and resolving phlegm. ‘Baking it into powder on new tiles’and‘steaming’were the traditional processing methods. The description of‘The longer of storage period,the better of the effect’was occasionally recorded. These results provide theoretical references for the further study,resource development and comprehensive application of Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus.